Appendix7 Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

 

1 Volume of Precipitation   refers to the deepness of liquid state or solid state (thawed) water falling from the sky to the ground that has not been evaporated, infiltrated or run off. The volume of precipitation takes “mm” as its unit with the accuracy of one decimal place.

2 Sunshine Hours   refer to the actual hours of sun irradiating the earth.

3 The wind direction and wind speed   refer to the horizontal movement of wind. The wind speed is the ratio of the distance, which the wind passed by, and the time, the unit of the speed is meter/second.

4 The number of the days without frost   refer to the days between the next day of the non-frost day of the previous year to the preceding day of the first frost day.(July 1st the previous year to June 30th this year).

5 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)   refers to the final products of all resident units in a country (or a region) during a certain period of time. Gross domestic product is expressed in three different forms, i.e. value, income, and products respectively. The form of value refers to the total value of all products and services produced by all resident units during a certain period of time minus total value of intimidate input of materials and services of the nature of non-fixed assets or the summation of the value-added of all resident units; the form of income includes all the income created by all resident units and distributed primarily to all resident and non-resident units; the form of products refers to the value of all final goods and services for final use by all resident units plus the value of net exports of goods and services during a given period of time. In the practice of national accounting, gross domestic product is calculated with three approaches, i.e. production approach, income approach, and expenditure approach, which reflect gross domestic product and its composition from different aspects.

6 Comparable Prices   refers to prices that removed the factors of price change so as to exactly reflect the change of aggregate when comparing the value of different periods. Two methods are used for calculating comparable prices: 1. Multiplying the output of products by their fixed prices of certain year; 2. Converting prices by relevant price index.

7 Constant Price   refers to the average price of a given product in certain year, which is used for comparison of output value over time. As the output value at constant prices removes the factor of price changes, it reflects the trend of production development over time. Since 1949, with the changes in general price level, National Bureau of Statistics has issued nationally unified constant prices five times: the 1952 constant prices for 1949-1957; the 1957 constant prices for 1957-1971; the 1970 constant prices for 1971-1981; the 1980 constant prices for 1981-1990; and the 1990 constant prices have been used since 1991.

8 Various Planning periods   the conventional division of time period in this statistical yearbook is as follows: Economic Rehabilitation Period, 1960-1952; the First Five-Year Plan period, 1953-1957; The Second Five-Year Plan period, 1958-1962; The Third Five-Year Plan period, 1966-1970; The Fourth Five-Year Plan period, 1971-1975; The Fifth Five-Year Plan period, 1976-1980; The Sixth Five-Year Plan period, 1981-1985; The Seventh Five-Year Plan period, 1986-1990;The Eighth Five-Year Plan period, 1991-1995;The Ninth Five-Year Plan period, 1996-2000; The Tenth Five-Year Plan period,2001-2005.

9 Average Annual Growth Rate   refers to the average growth rate year after year in a long period of time. There are two methods for calculating: 1 “level approach”, or the method of geometric level calculation, is the annual average growth (decrease) rate, which derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called “accumulative approach”, or algebraic average or equation method, is the annual average growth (decrease) rate, which is derived by summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. Usually, the results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in growth.

    The average annual growth rates listed in this statistical yearbook are all calculated by “level approach”. The base years are not listed when the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For example, the average annual growth rate of the 23 years since reform & opening-up implemented is listed as 1979-2001 without listing the base year 1978, the rest of the years are analogized as the same.

10 Registration Status of Enterprises   Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and enterprises with foreign investment, in the light of the registration status of an enterprise in industrial and commercial administration agencies. Domestic-funded enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, joint ownership enterprises, limited liability corporations, share-holding corporations Ltd., private enterprises and other enterprises. Included in the enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and enterprises with foreign investment are joint-venture enterprises, cooperative enterprises, sole investment enterprises and share-holding corporations Ltd. For government agencies, institutions and social organizations, which are not requested to be registered in industrial and commercial administration agencies, they are classified mainly by their sources of funds and way of management.

11 State-owned Enterprises   refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited liability corporations.

12 Collective-owned Enterprises   refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.

13 Cooperative Enterprises   refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according to capital share.

14 Joint Ownership Enterprises   refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.

15 Limited Liability Corporations   refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.

16 Share-holding Corporations Ltd.  refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of  Registration of Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.

17 Private Enterprises   refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises .

18 Other Domestic-funded Enterprises   refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.

19 Enterprises with Investment from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan   refers to enterprises set up in mainland China in the forms of joint investment,cooperation or solely-owned investment by investors from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan in accordance with foreign-related economic laws & regulations of China. They include joint-venture enterprises, cooperative enterprises & solely-owned enterprises.

20 Enterprises with Foreign Investment   refers to enterprises set up in mainland China in the forms of joint investment, cooperation or solely-owned investment by foreign investors in accordance with foreign-related economic laws & regulations of China. They include joint-venture enterprises with foreign investment, cooperation enterprises with foreign investment and enterprises with sole (exclusive) foreign investment.

21 Three Industries   Industry structure has been classified according to the historical sequence of development. Primary industry refers to extraction of natural resources; secondary industry involves processing of primary products;and tertiary industry provides services of various kinds for production and consumption. The above classification is universal although it varies to some extent form country to country. Industry in China comprises:

Primary industry: Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery (including farming, forestry, animal husbandry ,fishery and Services).

Secondary industry: industry (including mining and quarrying, manufacturing, production and supply of electricity, water and gas) and construction.

Tertiary industry: all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry.

22 Total Population   refers to the total number of people alive at a certain point of time within a given area.The annual statistics on total population is taken at midnight, the 3lst of December, excluding migrant population without household register in Changzhou city.

23 Birth Rate or (Crude Birth Rate)   refers to the ratio of the number of births to the average population (or mid-period population) during a certain period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ‰. Birth rate in the chapter refers to annual birth rate. The following formula is used:

Birth Rate = Number of Births/Average Number of Population×1000‰

Number of births refers to live births i.e. the births when babies had showed any vital phenomena regardless of the length of pregnancy.

The current calculation of birth rate is based on data residency by the public security data of permanent residency by the family planning commission at city levels, and can also be based on annual population sampling at country and provincial levels, including the late registration for births of previous year.

Annual average number of population is the average of the number of population at the beginning of the year and that at the end of the year, and can be substituted with the mid-year population.

24 Death Rate (or Crude Death Rate)   refers to the ratio of the number of deaths to the average population (or mid-period population) during a certain period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ‰. Death rate in the chapter refers to annual death rate. The following formula is used:

Death Rate= Number of Deaths/Annual Average Number of Population×1000‰

25 Natural Growth Rate of Population    refers to the ratio of natural increase in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a certain period of time (usually a year) to the average population (or mid-period population) of the same period which is often expressed in ‰. The following formulas are applied:

Natural Growth of Population = (Number of Births-Number of Deaths)/Average Number of Population×1000‰

Natural Growth Rate of Population = Birth Rate-Death Rate

26 Life Expectancy   refers to the average number of years a person of a certain age will live (or the average life-span of an age group if the pattern of morality for this age group remains as it is.)

27 Employed Persons   refers to the persons engaged in social labor and receive remuneration payment or earn business income, includin(1)fully employed staff & workers in state-owned, collective-owned or other kinds of economic sectors and otherwise employed persons.(2)private and individual economic laborors in towns (3)rural social laborers.

Persons employed in various units refers to all the persons working in government agencies of various levels, political and party organizations, social organizations, enterprises and institutions, and receiving wages or other forms of payment. They include fully-employed staff and workers, re-employed retirees, foreigners and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan working in various units, part-time employees, employees of other units working temporarily at current posts, and employees holding the second job, but exclude staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contract(employment relation)unchanged. This indicator reflects the total number of laborers actually engaged in production or other operations in various units.

28 Staff and Workers   refer to the persons who work in (and receive payment therefrom) enterprises and institutions of state ownership, collective ownership, joint ownership, share holding, foreign ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and other types of ownership and their affiliated units and get paid also include the staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contract/employment relation unchanged.

29 Fully Employed Staff and Workers   refer to persons who work in, and receive wages from their working units, as well as persons who have their work posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on sick, injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working units.

30 Staff and Workers Who Have Left Working Units but Still Remaining the Relationship with the Units   refer to those who have left the production or working posts due to various reasons and are not taking other positions in the same units, but whose labor relationship still remained in the units.

31 Payment of Persons Employed   refer to the total remuneration payment to the whole staff and workers in various units doing a certain period of time, including the total wages of full-employed staff and workers and the payment of other employed persons.

32 Total Wages of Fully Employed Staff and Workers   refers to the total remuneration payment to fully employed staff and workers in various units during a certain period of time. The calculation of total wages is based on the total remuneration payment to the staff and workers. Therefore, all the wages and salaries and other payments to staff and workers are included in the total wages regardless of their sources, category, and forms(in kind or cash).

33 Average Wages of Staff and Workers   refers to the average wage in money terms per person during a certain period of time for staff and workers in enterprises, institutions, and government agencies, which reflects the general level of wage income during a certain period of time and is calculated as follows:

Average Wage of Staff and Workers = Total Wages of Staff and Workers in Reference Period/Average Number of Staff and Workers in Reference Period.

34 Registered Urban Unemployed Persons   The registered unemployed persons in urban areas refer to the persons who are registered as permanent residents in the urban areas engaged in non-agricultural activities, aged within the range of working age, capable to labor, unemployed but desirous to be employed and have been registered at the local employment service agencies to apply for a job.

35 Consumer Price Index   Consumer price, refers to the price that consumer goods and services purchased by urban and rural residents, is the final price of social products and services, which influences the people’s livehood and lay a prominent role in the whole national economic price system. Consumer price index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods purchased by residents.

36 Retail Price Index   the retail price refers to the price that the residents afford for the living consumer and service. It is the final price of social products and service has a direct bearing on the people’s lives and has a fairly important states in the whole national economy system.

37 Service Price Index   refer to the comparative number of the expenditure of non-commercial and service consumption. The items involve: telecommunication expense, postal expense, transportation expense, hairdressing & beautification expense, culture and entertainment expense, school and baby-sitting expense, mending and other expense, medical insurance service expense, total classifications.

38 Employment Population in Urban Households   refer to urban residents engaged in certain work and receiving payment for the labor or income from their business operation, including those who work in state-owned or collective units, joint ventures, foreign-owned units and private with permanent or temporary jobs. The self-employed individuals and re-employed retirees are also included. This indictor reflects the situation of urban employment and is the basic data for calculating employment rate and dependency ratio.

39 Total income of urban families   refers to the total income of sample families living in urban areas, which is comprising of salary income, net income from business operation, earnings from properties and income of transfer, not including the income of rent and sale of their properties. The income is calculated on what is actually occurred. the figure, whether redeemed or paid in advance, will not be further divided when calculated.

The income from properties refers to the income from the family owned chattel (saving deposits in banks, securities), real estate (such as housing, automobiles, land and personal collections). This includes the remising of one’s own properties, such as interests, rents, earning from patents, dividends from one’s property circulation, added profits of properties.

The income of transfer refers to the income of sample families, made up of the country’s payment transfer and inter-family payment, including retirement pension, unemployment welfare, compensation etc. The unit’s transfer of payment, including job compensation, insurance premium, public reserve of housing and inter family donations.

40 Disposable income of urban resident   refers to the total amount of sample urban residents’ income, which is comprised of income direct available for consumption, non-compulsory expenditure plus savings deposits, ie the income which could be disposed of freely. The formula of calculation is: disposable income=total income of the family – personal income tax – expenditure on social insurance – received subsidiary.

41 Total expenditure of household   refers to total actual expenditure of a household excluding that from rending, which includes all daily expenditure, housing expenditure, transfer expenditure, property expenditure and expenditure on social insurance. The statistical calculation is based on actual value of commodities or service bought, regardless of the means of payment, whether on installment or not, so long as the commodity and service has been consumed. If the commodity or service was bought on tally or installment, the difference of actual payment and payment due is put into the categories under the title of income from debit and credit.

42 Consumer Expenditure of urban residents  refers to total daily expenditure of residents, including the expenditure on foods, clothing, household appliance and service, health, education, cultural and entertainment service, housing, occasional costs and service. not including goods or services used for donation.

43 Net Income of Rural Households   refers to the total income of the permanent residents of the rural households during a year after the deduction of the expenses for productive and non-productive business operation, the payment for taxes and the payment for collective units for their contracted tasks, which can then be spent for investments in productive and non-productive construction, for consumption in daily life and for savings deposit. It is a comprehensive indicator to show the actual level of the income of the peasants’ household. The net income of the rural households includes not only the income from the productive and non-productive business operation, but also the income from the non-business operation, such as the money remitted or brought back by the members of the household who are in other places, the government relief payment and various subsidies. It includes not only the money income, but also the income in kind. But the income from borrowing from banks, friends and relatives is excluded.

44 Able-bodied and Semi-able Bodied Laborers of Rural Households   refers to permanent residents of rural households who are able to work and actually engaged in social labor, which is one factor of production and sources of rural households income. According to the relevant regulations, male aged 18-50, female aged 18-45 are considered as able bodied laborers; male aged 16-17 and 51-60, female aged 17-17 and 46-55 are considered as able-bodied or semi able bodied laborers. Those who are not in above age but able to work and actually engaged in social labor are also considered as able-bodied or semi-able bodied laborers, while those who are within the above age range but unable to work are not counted as able-bodied or semi able bodied laborers.

45 Expenditure of Rural Households for Consumption   refers to total expenses of rural households on daily life, including expenses on food, clothing, housing, fuel, articles for daily use, and expenses on cultural life and services. This indicator is used to show the actual consumption level of peasants, including expense on food, clothing, housing, fuel, articles for daily use, and expenditure on daily life and services.

46 Total Investment in Fixed Assets in the Whole Municipality   Investment in fixed assets is the essential means for social reproduction of fixed assets. Amount of investment in fixed assets refers to the volume of activities in construction and purchases of fixed assets in monetary terms. It is a comprehensive indicator which shows the size, pace, proportional relations and use orientation of the investment in fixed assets. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole society is classified into the following parts investment as categorized by ownerships. Total value of investment: city &town collective units, real estate development, investment in rural area.

47 Investment in Real Estate Development  refers to the investment by the real estate development companies, commercial buildings construction companies and other real estate development units of various types of ownership in the construction of house buildings, such as residential buildings, factory buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses, holiday villages, office buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land development projects, such as roads, water supply, water drainage, power supply, heating, telecommunications, land leveling and other projects of infrastructure. It excludes the activities in simple land transactions.

48 Sources of funds for Investment in fixed assets   refer to various funds received during the year by fixed assets investment for construction and purchase of fixed assets. They include balance of funds bought forward from the previous year, subtotal of sources of funds in this year, and various payable funds. The subtotal of the sources of funds in this year is further divided into six categories: state budgetary investment, domestic loans, bonds, foreign investments, self-raised funds, and other sources of funds.

49 Investment in Fixed Assets by Structure   refers to the three major parts of investment activities, i.e. construction and installation, purchase of equipment and instrument, and other expenses.

50 Newly Increased Fixed Assets   refer to the newly increased value of fixed assets through investment, including the value of projects completed and put into production, the value of equipment, tools, and vessels considered as fixed assets, as well as the relevant expenses as investment in fixed assets. This is a comprehensive indicator of investment in fixed assets, reflecting the achievements of investment in fixed assets in different periods, different sectors, and different regions.

51 Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets Completed and Put into Operation   refers to the ratio of the newly increased fixed assets to the total investment made in the same period. This is a comprehensive indicator, reflecting the speed of the employment of fixed assets and the investment efficiency

52 Projects under Construction   refer to projects having construction and installation activities undertaken in the reference period, including projects started in the reference period, or continued from the previous period, or completed and put into production or suspended in the reference period.

53 Projects Completed and Put into Use  Industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which result in forming production capacity and have been checked and accepted while the living and welfare facilities have been completed and can ensure normal production and formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed capacity and have been checked, accepted and formally put into production.

54 Floor Space of Buildings under Construction and Completed   refers to total floor space in each story of buildings calculated from the outside line of building walls, including both usable space and the space occupied by constructions like pillars or walls. The floor space of multi-story buildings includes the total floor space of each story (including basement).

55. Floor space under construction    refers to the floor space of all buildings (including basement, semibasement and supporting buildings) is being constructed within the period of the report. It consists of the floor space newly constructed in current phase and the floor space constructed from last year to current phase, and the floor space which stopped constructing in the previous phase but restarted to construct in current phase. The floor space completed in the current phase and the floor space stopped constructing or delayed construction of the current phase shall be included in the floor space under construction. As to multi storey building, floor space completed shall be filled in the total floor space of each storey.

56 Floor space completed     refers to the total of building area of all buildings which are completed as per design requirement, meet the requirements for residence and use, and are inspected and accepted as qualified or meeting the completion acceptance criteria and can be transferred to normal use.

57 Floor Space of Residential Buildings   refers to the floor space of the residential buildings under construction and completed among the total space of buildings under construction and completed.

58 Gross Output Value of Farming,Forestry,Animal Husbandry and Fishery  refers to the total volume of products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in value terms and the value of all kinds of supporting serving activities to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery producing activities, which reflects the total scale and total result of agricultural production during a given period of time.The statistical scopes for Farming, ForestryAnimal Husbandry and Fishery are:

(1)Farming include crop cultivation and other farming crop cultivation, include planting of grain, beans, tubers, cotton, oil bearing crops,sugar crops,fiber crops,tobacco,vegetables,medicinal materials, melons and others, as well as tea,mulberry and fruit plantation.

Other farming include gathering of wild plant fruits, fiber,gum, oil, firewood, wild medicinal materials, fungi and commodity industry run by rural household.

(2)Forestry include planting of trees (not including planting,management & harvest of tea, mulberry and fruit plantation), collection of forest products,cutting and felling of  bamboo and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages.

(3)Animal Husbandry include raising and grazing of any kind of animal and hunting and raising of wild animal, excluding fish breeding.

(4)Fishery include cultivation and catches of acquatic animals and seaweed.

(5) The trade of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, including irrigation service, elementary processing service of farming products, other agricultural service, forestry service, veterinarian service, other animal husbandry service, fishery service, and so on.

59 Grain Yield   refers to the yield in the whole country including grains produced by state farms, collective units, industrial enterprises and mines. Grain includes rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and beans. Output of beans refers to dry beans without pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not including taros and cassava) was converted into that of grain at the ratio 4:1, since 1964 the ratio for conversion has been 5:1.

60 Yield of Oil-bearing Crops   refers to the total yield of oil bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil bearing crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included.

61 Output of Aquatic Products   refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included.

62 Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton   refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats with head, feet, and offal taken away.

63 Cultivated Area (Area under cultivation)   refers to farmland which is plowed constantly for growing crops, including cultivated land, newly cultivated land in the current year, farmland left without cultivation for less than three years and fallow land in the current year, rotation land, rotation land of grass and crops, farmland with some fruit trees, mulberry trees and other trees and cultivated seashore land, lake land, and etc. The land of mulberry fields, tea plantations, orchards, nurseries of young plants, forestland, reed land, natural and man-made grassland and other land are not included in cultivated land. Ditches, roads and ridges between cultivated fields that are less than 1 meter in width in the south or less than 2 meters in width in the north are included in the cultivated land.

64 Sown Area of Crops  refers to area of land sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or non cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also included.

65 Irrigated Area   refers to areas that are effectively irrigated, i.e. level land which has water source and complete sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for regular irrigation purpose.

66 Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture   refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphorous pentoxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100% potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major component.

67 Total Power of Farm Machinery   refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and drainage, harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery. The power of internal combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power of electric motors is required to be converted into watts. Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines used in township run and village-run industry, construction, non-agricultural transport, scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded.

68 Number of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End)  refers to the total number of large animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations, state farms, rural individuals, government agencies, schools, industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period. The investigated method of the pigs and poultry has changed from overall investigation to sampling investigation.

69 Industry  refers to the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and electricity generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such as the repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars).

70 Light Industry   refers to the industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It consists of two categories, depending on the materials used:(1) Industries using farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which directly or indirectly use farm products as basic raw materials, including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper making, printing, etc.(2) Industries using non farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the manufacture of cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals, synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass products for daily use, metal products for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery.

71 Heavy Industry   refers to the industry, which produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national economy with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the following three branches according to the purpose of production or the use of products:(1) Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts natural resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores and logging.(2) Raw materials industry refers to the industry that provides various sectors of the national economy with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as cement, plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.(3) Manufacturing industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes machine-building industry, which equips sectors of the national economy, industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing means of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

 According to the above principle of classification, the repairing trades, which are engaged primarily in repairing products of heavy industry, are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in repairing products of light industry are classified into light industry.

72 Gross Industrial Output Value   is the total volume of industrial products sold or available for sale in value terms which reflects the total achievements and overall scale of industrial production during a given period. It includes the value of the finished products, which are not to be further processed in the enterprises and have been inspected, packed and put in storage, the value of industrial services rendered to other units, and the changes in the value of the semi-finished products and products in process between the beginning and closing of the period. The gross industrial output value is calculated with “factory method”. No double calculations are to be made within the same enterprise. However, double counting does occur among different enterprises.

Output value of light and heavy industries is also classified with the “factory” method. Under normal conditions, if the major products of an industrial enterprise belong to light industry products, the gross output value of that enterprise is classified wholly into light industry; the same principle applies to heavy industry.

73 Industrial Sales Output Value   refers to the total volume of industrial products sold by an industrial enterprise during a given period and in the form of currency. It includes the value of finished products, semi-finished products, and industrial operations rendered to other units, products, industrial operations and self-made equipment provided to the basic construction department, welfare department, etc. of the enterprise. As to those finished products and semi-finished products, no matter whether products are manufactured in this calculation period or the previous one, so long as they are sold out in this calculation period, they should be included. The industrial operations are industrial services rendered to other units according to contracts. The products, industrial operations and self-made equipment provided to basic construction department, welfare department, and etc. of the enterprise should be regarded as act of sale, and included in sales statistics.

    The scope, price and method of calculation of industrial sales output value are the same as those for gross industrial output value. However, the calculation base are different: the base for sales output value is the total volume of products sold; the base for gross industrial output value is total volume of production of industrial products.

74 Value-added of Industry   refers to the final results of industrial production of the industrial trade in money terms during the reference period. There are two methods of the calculation of value-added of industry: (1) the “production” method, the total output value minus the investment during the production. (2) “income” method, set out from the angle of income calculation according to the income of the material, the particular items are the depreciation of fixed assets, payment to the staff and workers, net value of production tax, the business profit, this methods also called essential factors distribution method.

75 Capital Obtained   refers to capital actually received by the enterprise from investors. It can be further classified by investors as state capital, collective capital, corporate capital, individual capital, capital from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan and foreign capital.

76 Total Assets   refer to all economic resources, owned or controlled by enterprises, that could be measured in monetary terms, including properties, creditors equity and other economic rights of all forms. Classified by the degree of equitability, total assets include circulating assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred assets, and other assets.

77 Circulating assets (working capital)   refer to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including cash, all kinds of deposits, short term investment, receivables, advance payment, stock, etc.

78 Fixed assets   refer to the net value of fixed assets, clearance of fixed assets, project under construction, fixed assets losses in suspense. These are corporations fund holdings.

79 Original Value of Fixed Assets   refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by industrial enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of purchase, installation, reconstruction, expansion, and technical innovation and transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses on purchase, package, transportation, and installation, etc.

80 Net Value of Fixed Assets   is obtained by deducting depreciation over years from the original value of fixed assets.

81 Intangible assets   refer to the assets without material form used by enterprises over a long time, such as patents, non-patent technologies, trade marks, copyright, land use right, business reputation, etc.

82 Total Liabilities   refer to the debts, measured in monetary terms, that enterprises are responsible for repayment  in the form of cash, assets or labor. Classified by terms of repayment, liabilities include liquid liabilities and long-term liabilities.

83 Liquid liabilities (also called quick liabilities or immediate liabilities)  refer to enterprises’ total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including short term loans, payable and advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable and profit payable, etc.

84 Long term liabilities  refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year,  including long-term loans, payable liabilities, long-term payable, etc.

85 Creditors’ Equity   refers to investors ownership of net assets of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of the enterprise minus its total liabilities, including the primary input from investors, capital accumulation fund, surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit. It is the shareholder’s equity in share-holding companies.

86 Sales Revenue of Industrial Products   refers to the revenue from the sales of products by industrial enterprises and the revenue from se rvices provided and etc.

87 Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Products  refer to the tax on city maintenance and construction, consumption tax, resources tax and extra charges for education, which should be borne by the enterprises in selling products and providing industrial services.

88 Total Value of Profit and Tax (pre-tax Profits)   refers to the total sum of profits, products sales tax and surcharges and the value added tax payable of industrial enterprises. It is also called pre-tax profits.

89 Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs   refers to the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated as follows:

Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=(Total Profits/ Total Costs)×100%

90 Value-added Rate of Industry   refers to the ratio of value added of industry in a given period to the gross output value in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of cutting down the intermediate input and is calculated as follows:

Value-added Rate of Industry(%)=[Value-added of Industry (at current prices) ] / [Gross Output Value (at Current Prices)]×100%

91 Turnover of Working Capital   refers to the number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital and is calculated as follows:

Turnover of Working Capital(time)=Sales Revenue of Products / Average Balance of Total Working Capital

92 Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value   refers to the sales of industrial products to the gross industrial output value during the reference period, and is important in reflecting the linkage between production and sales and the extent of the needs of the society that has been met by the supply of industrial products. It is calculated as follows:

Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value=[Industrial sales / Gross industrial output value (at current prices)] ×100%

93 Overall Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises   refers to the average output per employed person in industrial enterprises in value terms. At present, the value added and the average number of staff and workers of an industrial enterprise in a given period are used to calculate the overall labour productivity. The formula used is:

Overall Labour Productivity=(Value Added of Industry) / (Average Number of Staff and Workers)

94 Gross Output Value of Construction   refers to total output value as expressed in monetary terms of the production and service of construction enterprises within certain period of time. The total value consists of three parts:

(1) Output value of construction projects, that is the value of projects covered by the project budgets;

(2) Output value of installation projects, that is the value of the installation of equipment, (excluding the value of the equipment to be installed);

(3) Other output value: refers to the value of production including repairing of auxiliary parts of housing, non-standard equipment manufacturing, administration cost of contractor on sub-contractor and other construction output which cannot be clearly categorized.

95 Output Value of Completed Projects   usually refers to output value of single construction project concerned within reference period, calculated when the projected is completed as required by the plan of the project, meeting the requirements of turning over to the user and pass the examination of authorized department. The scope of output includes: the value created from start to completion of the projects. If the construction of the projects took more than one year, the output value should include the value completed in previous year. The output can be calculated on section by section bases on large projects if they can be divided by sections, levels of construction. Large plants, deluxe hotels, pipe work, highway, railway etc are examples of these large projects.

96 Floor Space of Buildings Under Construction   refers to all the floor space of buildings in construction reported in reference period, including those starting construction, construction relayed from previous period, construction resumed after the delay of the previous period, completed construction and construction started in present period and stopped at present.

97 Floor Space of Buildings Completed   refers to floor space of construction project concerned within reference period, calculated when the projected is completed as required by the plan of the project, meeting the requirements of turning over to the user and pass the examination of authorized department. The calculation of the floor space should strictly adhere to the standard requirements for check up the completion of the construction projects. For civil construction projects, generally speaking, the floor space should be calculated when the building itself and its water, sewage, gas, heating, ventilation, elevator etc have been completed according to the construction plan, passed the examination for completion and turned over to the user. For the industrial construction as well as the construction of R&D buildings, the floor space should be calculated, generally speaking, when the building was completed with water, heating, sewage and ventilation as well as auxiliary parts in living quarter and operational quarter, even without the installation of manufacturing equipment as well as pipelines.

98 Total Number of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year   refers to the number of machines and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed as the fixed assets of the enterprises by the end of the year, including machinery and equipment for construction, production and transportation.

99 Total Power of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year   refers to the total power of machinery and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed as the fixed assets of the enterprises by the end of the year, including machinery and equipment for construction, production and transportation. The power of the machinery is calculated on basis of the designed or verified capacity, covering the power of the machinery/equipment and the separate power equipment serving the machinery/equipment (such as electric motors), but excluding welders, transformers and boilers. The unit used for the calculation of power is kilowatt, with horsepower converted to kilowatt by 1 horsepower=0.735 kilowatt.

100 Income from Settlement of Projects   refers to the income received by the construction enterprise from the contracted project through settlement procedures, and other charges to the contractoree as operational costs in addition to the value of the project, such as temporary facility fee, labour insurance premium , moving cost of construction equipment, as well as various types of claims to the contractee.

101 Profit from Settlement of Projects   refers to profit realized through settled projects. It is calculated with the following formula:

Profit from Settlement of Projects=Income from Settlement of Projects-Settled Cost-Settled Taxes and Other Cost.

102 Length of Highways  refers to the length of highways which are built in conformity with the grades specified by the highway engineering standard formulated by the Ministry of Communications,  and  have  been formally checked and accepted by the departments of highways and put into use. The length of highways includes that of the suburb highways at large and medium-sized cities, highways passing through streets at small cities and towns, and also the length of bridges and ferries. It does not include the length of streets in big and medium-sized cities and highways built for the production purpose at factories, mines, forest areas and agricultural areas. If two or more highways go the same section of the way, the length of the section is only calculated for once and no duplication is allowed. The length of highways is an important indicator to show the development of the highway construction and to provide essential information to calculate the transport network density.

103 Length of Navigable Inland Waterways  an indicator reflecting the size and development of inland water network, it refers to the length of the natural rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and ditches open to navigation during a given period, which enables the transport by ships and rafts. It includes the channels open to navigation for over an accumulative 3 months in a year, yet this does not include the river courses which are only used to float odd logs and bamboo rafts.

104 Freight (Passenger) Traffic   refers to the volume of freight (passenger) transported with various means. Freight transport is calculated in tons and passenger traffic is calculated in the number of persons. Despite the type of freight and travelling distance, the freight transport is calculated in the actual weight of the goods: and despite the travelling distance and ticket price, the passenger traffic is calculated by the principle that one person can be counted only once in one travel. The passenger who travels with a half price ticket or a child ticket is also calculated as one person. The freight (passenger) traffic provides a quantitative measure to show how the transport industry serves the national economy and people, and is also an important indicator for planning the transport industry and for studying the development scale and speed of the transport industry.

105 Freight Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers)   refer to the sum of the products of the volume of transported cargo (passengers) multiplying by the transport distance, usually using ton-kilometer and passenger-kilometer as units for measurement. Normally, the shortest distance between the departure station and the destination station (i.e., the payable distance) is the basis to calculate the freight ton-kilometers. This is an important indicator to show the total results of the transport industry, to prepare and examine the transport plan and to measure the efficiency, the labor productivity and the unit cost of transport.

106 Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications Services   refer to the total amount of services provided to society by post and telecommunications enterprises with the form of value. Post and telecommunications services can be divided by category as letter, parcel, bill of draft, newspaper and magazine distribution, EMS, philately, fixed telephone, lending circuit, mobile phone, packet switched data traffic and lending telephone switchboard maintenance. The calculation method shall be the sum of various kinds of product time average unit price (fixed price) then plus the service incomes from lending circuit, telephone switchboard and circuit maintenance on behalf of customers.

107 Mobile Telephone Subscribers   refer to subscribers of the telephone using mobile telephone network, and occupying mobile telephone number. The number of subscribers shall be calculated as per the number dealt with the formalities of mobile telephone network at cell-phone business office as of the report date, each cell-phone shall be recorded as one subscriber.

108 Number of Internet Subscribers   refers to the number of subscribers who have registered and accessed into the international network, including local network area, metropolitan area network, wide area network, and dial-up network subscribers and private wire network subscribers.

109 Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods   refers to the sum of retail sales of consumer goods sold by all sectors of the national economy to urban and rural residents and social groups. This indicator is used to show the supply of consumers goods through various channels to households and institutions, and is very important for the study on people's livelihood, on the purchasing power of consumer goods and on the circulation of money.

110 Wholesale and Retail Sales Trade   refers to units not directly involved in the manufacturing of commodities, rather purchasing the commodity from manufacturers or circulating units without processing, or with simple processing (cleaning, tidying, categorizing, packaging, etc) and achieving benefits by reselling the commodities.

111 Accommodation    refers to service provided to clients with payment.

112 Catering trade   refer to the units offer various food and drinks consumed at once in certain places and this kind of service is more important than other services (entertainment, e.g.) offered.

113 Wholesale Enterprises Above the Volume-limited Level   refer to the wholesale trade enterprises with the total sales of more than 20 million yuan, and staff and workers of or more than 20 by the end of the year.

114 Retail-sale Enterprises above the Volume-limited Level   refer to the retail-sale enterprises with the total sales of more than 5 million yuan and staff and workers of at or more than 60 by the end of the year.

115 Catering Enterprises above the Volume-limited Level   refer to the catering enterprises with the total sales of more than 2 million yuan and staff and workers of at or more than 40 by the end of the year.

116 Total Sales of Commodities   refer to value of commodities sold by the establishments to other establishments and individuals (including direct export). This indicator reflects the total value of sales of commodities at domestic markets and export, including: (1) wholesales for production and management units; (2) wholesales for wholesale and retail trades (3) export; (4) retail for residents and social communities.

117 Value of Business Transaction in Trading Markets  refers to the total volume between the buyers of consumption market and sellers of production goods market, which includes farmers, non-agricultural people, government offices, organizations, industrial and commercial enterprises and individual sellers, and which serves as the comprehensive index of the dimensions of trading markets.

118  Registered Capital of Private Enterprises   refer to the checked registered capital when the private enterprises do the start or change registered, exclude the bank loans.

119 The Units of the Private owned industrial and Commercial Enterprises   refers to the amount of the private owned industrial and commercial enterprises, which have got the business licence or the temporary business licences.

120  Staff and Workers in the Private Owned Industrial and Commercial Enterprises   refer to the whole people take part in the business and get paid, which are checked by the industrial and commercial department, involved the manager of the private industrial and commercial enterprises, helper and the apprentices.

121 Registered Capital of the Private owned Industrial and commercial enterprises   refer to the checked registered capital when apply for or change the registration.

122 Utilization of Foreign Capital  refers to remittance, equipment and technology financed from abroad, by loans, foreign direct investment and other forms undertaken by the Chinese governments at all levels, by various departments, enterprises and other economic units.

123 Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs  refers to the investments inside China by foreign enterprises and economic organizations or individuals (including overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese enterprises registered abroad ), following the relevant policies and laws of China, for the establishment of ventures exclusively with foreign own investment, Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises or for cooperative exploration of resources with enterprises or economic organizations in China. It includes the re-investment of the foreign entrepreneurs with the profits gained from the investment and the funds that enterprises borrow from abroad in the total investment of projects which are approved by the relevant department of the government.

124 Contracted Projects with Foreign Countries   refers to projects undertaken by Chinese contractors (project contracting companies) through bidding process. They include: (1) overseas civil engineering construction projects financed by foreign investors. (2) overseas projects financed by the Chinese government through its foreign aid programs. (3) construction projects of Chinese diplomatic missions, trade offices and other institutions stationed abroad. (4) construction, projects in China Financed by foreign investment.(5) sub-contracted projects to be taken by Chinese contractors through a joint umbrella project with foreign contractor(s), (6) housing development projects. The business income from international contracted projects is the work volume of contracted projects completed during the reference period, expressed in monetary terms, including completed work on projects singed in previous years.

125 Service Cooperation with Foreign Countries  refers to the activities of providing technology and labor services to employers or contractors in the forms of receiving salaries and wages. Labor services providing by contractual joint ventures of Chinese international contracting corporations should be included in the statistics of service cooperation with foreign countries. The business income of labor service cooperation is the income in the form of wages and salaries, overtime pay, bonuses and other remuneration received from the employers during the reference period.

126 International Tourists   refers to foreigners, overseas Chinese, Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan coming to China for sightseeing, visits, tours, family reunions, vacations, study tours, conferences and other activities of a business, scientific and technological, cultural, educational and religious nature. It does not include representatives and employees of resident institutions of foreign countries in China such as embassies, consulates, news agencies and offices of foreign companies and organizations, nor does it include long term foreign experts or students residing in China, or persons in transition without spending a night in China.

127 Total Electricity Consumption   refer to the total amount of electricity consumed, it can be divided into “ countryside used electricity”, “industry used electricity”, “transportation used electricity” and so on, all kinds of the electricity consumption all involved the electricity sold to the city’s consumer by power stations, the electricity produced for self use (involved the electricity made by the waste heat).

128 Energy Consumption of Industry Enterprises   refer to the energy, artificial used energy and energy used in other fields as fuel, material and supplementary material.

129 Total Fiscal Revenue refers to the revenue obtained of the government finance by means of participating in distribution of social products, including normal budgetary revenue and fund budgetary revenue. The normal budgetary revenue mainly includes as follows:

(1) Taxes, including VAT, consumption tax, business tax, business income tax, individual income tax, resources tax, tax of adjustment for the orientation of fixed investment, urban maintenance and construction tax, housing property tax, stamp duty, land value increment tax, city and town land use tax, tariff duty, contract tax and tax on occupancy of cultivated land, etc.

(2) Administrative charges revenues refer to administrative charges revenues included in budgetary management in accordance with related stipulations.

(3) Special revenues, including revenue collected from imposing fee on sewage treatment, revenue collected from imposing fee on urban water resources, and extra-charges for education, etc.

(4)Other revenues, including revenue from the repayment of capital construction loan, revenue from capital construction projects, and donations and grants.

Fund budgetary revenue mainly consists of fund revenue from industrial and communication authorities, social insurance fund revenue, income from compensated use of land and government housing fund revenue, etc.

130 Government Expenditure   refers to the distribution and use of the funds the government finance has raised, so as to meet the needs of economic construction and various causes. It includes the following main items:

(1)General public services   indicating the expenditure on general public services provided by the government.

(2)National defense   indicating the government expenditure on active military, reserve forces of national defense and national defense mobilization, etc.

(3)Public Security    indicating the government expenditure on maintaining public security.

(4)Education    indicating the government expenditure on education.

(5)Science and technology   indicating the expenditure on science and technology.

(6)Culture, sports and media     indicating the government expenditure on culture, sports, radio and film and news publishing, etc.

(7)Social security and employment     indicating the government expenditure on social security and employment.

(8)Medical treatment and health   indicating the government expenditure on medical treatment and health.

(9)Environmental protection   indicating the government expenditure on environmental protection.

(10)Urban and rural community affairs     indicating the government expenditure on urban and rural community affairs.

(11)Agriculture, forestry and water affairs    indicating the government expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water.

(12)raffic and transportation   indicating the government expenditure on traffic and transportation.

(13)Industrial, commercial and financial affairs   indicating the government expenditure on industry, commerce and finance.

(14)Other expenditures    indicating other government expenditures that cannot be categorized in the above function subjects.

131 State revenue and local government revenue   refer to the revenue owned by the central government and the revenue belongs to local government in accordance with the financial system.

Since the reform of tax system and financial system in 1994, the revenue belonged to the central government includes tariff, consumption tax, value added tax of imported goods levied by the customs, income tax of railway transportation enterprises, state-owned banks, state-owned post enterprises, sales tax of railway and banking and insurance (central government), offshore petroleum resources tax and vehicle purchasing tax (charges), etc. The taxes belong to the general budgetary revenue of local governments include regular sales tax, vehicle and vessel usage tax, animal slaughter tax, tax on occupation of cultivated land and deed tax, etc. The revenue shared by the central government and local governments includes value added tax, business income tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, individual income tax and stamp tax, etc. One point demands explanation is that the data over the years can’t be compared fully due to the changing revenue-sharing pattern and sharing proportions between the central government and local governments in recent years.

132 Deposit   is a form of credit by which enterprises, institutions, organizations or households can put money into banks and other credit institutions for safekeeping and interest earning under the principle of free withdrawal. According to different depositors, deposits are divided into enterprise deposits, treasury deposits, deposits of government agencies and organizations, capital construction deposits, urban savings deposits, rural deposits and other deposits. Deposits are major sources of the credit funds of banks.

133 Saving Deposits Balance of Urban and Rural residents   saving deposits include the bank savings deposits of organizations such as industrial and mining enterprises, army units, institutions, ect. The outstanding amount of savings deposits refers to the money put into banks and rural credit unions at certain time points (balance between deposit and withdrawal), such as the end of the month, quarter or year.

134 Loan   is a form of credit by which banks and other credit institutions provide funds at certain interest rate to enterprises and individuals in the light of the principle of unconditional repayment. Loans from Chinese banks include circulating capital loans, fixed assets loans, loans to urban and rural individuals engaged in industrial and commercial business and agricultural loans.

135 Amount Insured   refers to the maximum that the insurant will get for the claim of the case insured.

136 Premium  is the fee paid by the insurant to the insurer to obtain the obligation of compensation from the insurance within the agreed terms.

137 Insurance Indemnity refers to the compensation paid by the insurer to the insurant in accordance with the stipulations of the insurance contract after confirmed the insured event within the scope of insurance coverage by means of verification.

138 Enterprise Group  refers to the economic entities joined together with the parent company and its branch companies as the main body, incorporating various economic entities through investment, joint production. The group enterprises can be categorized into following:  companies approved by the State Council,  enterprises managed by the Central Enterprises Administration, companies approved by the provincial government, enterprises managed by provincial enterprise administration, the enterprises with annual sales exceeding 500 million yuan. The classification of the enterprise groups can also be set in the following method: the headquarters, wholly owned branch companies both in and outside China, wholly controlled companies and partly owned companies, no including the companies of business partners and share holding companies.

139 Prosperity Index   refers to status and trend of development of sample groups or certain economic and social phenomenon, derived from quantitative processing of qualitative indicators regarding enterprise’s degree of prosperity. The prosperity index varies from 0 and 200 with 100 as its critical point. When the prosperity exceeds 100, it is indicated that the economy is turning for better, while the index is below 100, vise versa.

140 Prosperity Index of enterprises   refers the index reflecting soundness of general operation, derived from management’s judgment and estimation on performance of the company, (variables being sound, common and bad), which is used to reflect the general operation status of the enterprises.

141 Index of entrepreneur’s confidence  also refers to macro economic prosperity index, derived from entrepreneurs’ understanding, opinions, judgment and estimation of macro market situations as well as macro economic polices,(variables being optimistic, common and not optimistic) so as to reflect comprehensively entrepreneurs’ perception and confidence regarding the macro economic environment.

142 Length of Paved Roads at the Year-end  refers to the length of roads with a paved surface, and with a width of more than 3-5 meters, including high quality, medium quality and ordinary roads.

143 Urban Bridges  refer to bridges over river courses, great separated junctions and overpasses in urban areas. Permanent bridges and semi-permanent bridges are included. Temporary bridges, railway bridges and culverts are excluded.

144 Length of Urban Sewage Pipes  refers to the total length of general drainage, trunks. branch and blind drainage, inspection wells, connection wells, inlets and outlets, etc.

145 Daily Disposal Capacity of Urban Sewage  refers to the designed 24 hour capacity of sewage disposal at the sewage treatment works.

146 Floor Space of the Park, Gardens and Green Area Of Urban  refers to the total area of urban public green land, special green land, production green land, protection green land and suburban scenic spots.

147 Green Space in Park  refers to the green area with main function of opening for the public, and recreation, which possesses certain recreation facilities and service facilities, integrated the effects of ecology perfection, scenery beautification, prevention and mitigation of the effects of disasters.

148 Production Capacity of Tap Water at the Year-end  refers to the actual comprehensive production capacity of the waterworks administered by the urban construction department and those owned by enterprises or institutions, taking the capacity of the main links, such as water inflow, purification, conveyance and outflow of the trunk pipelines into account.

149 Number of Public Vehicles (Buses and Trolley buses) at the Year-end  refers to the total number of operational buses available at the year-end, including the year-end operational vehicles and vehicles in stock. Non-operational vehicles such as stringing cars, tank cars, machine shop cars, trucks and other special vehicles and the borrowed passenger vehicles are excluded.

150 Length of Roads in operation   refers to the length of designated regular routes in operation, including the length of suburban routes in operation. The length of temporary operational lines is not included.

151 Length of Water Supply Pipelines at the Year-end  refers to the total length of all the pipelines between the water pumps and the users water meters.

152 Annual Volume of Water Supply  refers to the total volume of water supplied by the public water-works and those owned by individual enterprises and institutions during the whole year, including both the effective water supply and loss during the water supply.

153 Consumption of Water for Residential Use  refers to the water consumption of households for daily life and the water consumption of public welfare facilities, including the consumption of restaurants, hotels, hospitals, barber shops, public bathhouses, laundries, swimming pools, shops, schools, institutions, army units and other units.

154 Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Tap Water  refers to the ratio of the urban non-agricultural population (excluding temporary and mobile population) with access to tap water to the total urban non-agricultural population. The formula is:

Percentage of Population with Access to Tap Water=(Urban Non-agricultural Population with Access to Tap Water) / (Urban Non-agricultural Population)

155 Length of Gas Pipelines  refers to the total length of  pipelines between the outlet of the compressor, blower or gas tank and the gas meters of users.

156 Volume of Gas Supply  refers to the total volume of gas sold to users in a year, including the volume for industrial use, residential use and other uses.

157 Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Gas  refers to the ratio of the urban non-agricultural population with access to gas (including gas, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas) to the urban non-agricultural population (excluding temporary and mobile population). The formula is:

Percentage of Population with Access to Gas =(Urban Non-agricultural Population with Access to Gas×100%) / Urban Non-agricultural Population)

158 Total Amount of Waste Water   refers to the total amount of industrial waste water and resident waste water. The industrial refers to the total of the waste water produced in the producing, studying period of the enterprises and institutions. The resident waste water refers to the waste water produced in the residences.

159 Volume of Industrial Waste Water Discharged   refers to the volume of industrial waste water discharged, through all outlets, to the outside of industrial enterprises, including waste water produced, direct-cooling water, underground water from mines that does not meet the standard of discharge, and the domestic sewage mixed up with industrial waste water when discharged, but excluding discharged indirect-cooling water.

160 Volume of Waste Water up to the Standard for Discharge  refers to the volume of discharged industrial waste water that, with or without treatment, has come up to the national or local standards for discharge.  

161 Total Amount of Waste Gas Discharged  refers to the volume of various kings of waste gas discharged to the air in the process of fuel burning or in the production process, and is measured by 10,000 standard cubic meters each year under normal condition.

162 Volume of Industrial Solid Wastes Utilized in a Comprehensive Way  refers to the volume of solid wastes from which useful materials can be extracted or which can be changed to be utilizable resources, energy or other materials, including the volume of industrial solid wastes stored up in the previous years and utilized in the current year, such as the solid wastes utilized as fertilizers, building materials, for making roads or for other purpose. Statistical data on utilization of industrial solid wastes are collected by solid wastes producing units.

163 Volume of Industrial Solid Wastes Treated  refers to solid wastes disposed of in a non-recoverable place that meet the requirement of environmental protection, such as burying (The dangerous wastes should be buried safely), burning, piling in designated sites, pouring water into the deep strata, filling of old mines, etc. (including treatment of solid wastes piled up in the previous years).

164 Industrial Dust Discharged  refers to the total weight of solid dust discharged by industrial enterprises in the production process, such as dust of refractory materials from iron plants, dust from coke-screening system or from sintering machines of coking plants, dust from lime kilns, cement dust from building material enterprises, etc., but excluding smoke and dust discharged by power plants.

165 Natural Scientific and Technical Personnel  refers to those professionals holding scientific and technical titles or taking such positions, or being graduated from departments of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, and/or having been promoted in practice in different sectors of the national economy and working on research, teaching and production technique in the scientific and technological fields such as science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, etc. and the professionals doing administrative work related to science and technology in government agencies, enterprises and institutions.

166 R & D   is the abbreviation of research and development, and refers to the systemic and creative activities for the purpose of increasing knowledge and applying the knowledge within the field of science and technology (including the fields of natural science, agricultural science, medical science, engineering and technological science and humanities and social science). R & D consists of three kinds of activities, including fundamental research, application research and experimental development.

167 Independent Research and Development Institutions   refer to the state- owned institutions which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain number of core members with higher research level and certain number of research personal, favourable conditions for R&D and engaging in scientific research and technological development. The institutions also have their own independent organization and finance, authority to sign contracts with other units, their bank accounts. Independent research and development institutions include the institutions attached to central government agencies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the institutions attached to the local government.

168 Scientists and Engineers  refer to persons who have completed university or higher education or obtained titles of senior and middle level professional positions.

169 Personnel of Independent Research and Development Institutions  refers to the persons working in and receiving payment from research and development institutions. It includes regular full-time and temporary staff and workers and employees working on contracts, but excludes retirees and persons leaving their work without payment but still retaining their posts, who are not on the employee list.

170 Total Expenditure on Research and Development  refers to all actual expenditure made for R&D (basic research, applied research and experimental development)in reference period. It includes direct expenditure on R&D and indirect expenditure on R&D (including management and necessary administrative expenses of research institutes, investment in capital construction relating to R&D).

171 Inventions   refer to the inventions as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the new technical proposals to the products or methods or their modifications.

172 Utility Models   the utility models specified by the patent law and its detailed rules for implementation refer to the new technical proposals on the shape, structure or combination of shape and structure of  product, which is suitable for practical use.

173 Designs   refer to the designs as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry applicable new designs for the shape, pattern and color of the product, or their combinations.

174 Number of online registered technology contracts   refers to the number of local technology contracts registered via the national technology contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/).

175 Business volume of online registered technology contracts    refers to the business volume of local technology contracts registered via the national technology contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/).

176 Online registered technology turnover    refers to the technology turnover registered via the national technology contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/)

177 Science and Technology Enterprises Incubator   refers to the scientific and technological innovation service organization aiming to promote the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, and to nurture high-tech enterprises and entrepreneurs. It includes technological innovation service center, university technology parks, innovation (venture) park for returned overseas students, software parks and professional technological enterprises incubators.

178 Total income of enterprises under incubation refers to the sum of various incomes achieved from technology, industry and trade by the enterprises under incubation within the statistical year.

179 Persons employed by enterprises under incubation refer to the total number of persons employed by the enterprises under incubation at the end date of this report.

180 Incubated Enterprises refer to the enterprises realize independent development after developed to a certain scale so that divorce from the incubator. (The data of incubated enterprises is only accumulated based on the data of graduation time, without tracking).

181 Regular Institutions of Higher Learning  refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools via national entrance examination and providing higher diploma education. They include full time universities, independent colleges and senior professional schools, senior vocational universities and other institutions (such as independent institutes, branch schools and junior colleges).

182 Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults  refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling personnel with senior secondary school or equivalent education via national entrance examination and providing higher diploma education by means of correspondence, part time or full time. They include workers’ colleges, peasants’ colleges, institutes for administration, educational colleges, independent correspondence colleges and etc.

183 The number of Full-time Teachers   refers to the number of personnel engaged in education as full-time teachers, including those who are temporarily designated (within one year) to assist in other fields. The former teachers transferred from teaching to undertake administrative management are excluded.

184 Cultural Institutions   refer to units which have their own organizational system and independent accounting system and specialize in or serve cultural development. They exclude other establishments run by these cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups established by various departments.

185 Art Troupe   refers to the troupe which is engaged in drama, opera, music, dance, acrobatics or other art performance, opens independent accounts with banks and has self-supporting accounting system; excluding the troupes which are engaged partly in industrial or agricultural activities, partly in art performance and the professional troupes organized by the people.

186 Number of Spectators at Art Performance   refers to the number of attendants at commercial shows, completely booked shows or free shows given in minority national areas, and does not include the number of spectators at rehearsals for examination and internal shows for study.

187 Hospitals   refer to medical institutions with permanent hospital beds, which are able to take in patients and provide them with  medical and nursing services. Hospitals are classified into three categories: hospitals at or above the county level, hospitals of rural townships, and other hospitals. According to their ownership, hospitals can be classified into three categories: hospitals under the public health departments, hospitals under industrial and other departments and collective-owned hospitals. Hospitals at or above county level are divided into comprehensive and specialized hospitals.

188 Medical Technical Personnel  refers to all medical staff and workers employed by medical institutions, including doctors of Chinese and Western medicine, senior doctors who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western therapeutics in practice, senior nurses, pharmacists of Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory specialists, other specialists, paramedics of Chinese and Western medicine, nurses, midwives, druggists in Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory technicians, other technicians, other practitioners of Chinese medicine, nursing attendants, pharmacological workers of Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory workers, and other primary medical personnel.

189 Doctors  refer to qualified professional medical workers approved to practice by public health departments. They are classified into doctors of Chinese medicine, doctors of Western medicine, senior doctors who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western therapeutics in practice, paramedics of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and other specialists of Chinese medicine.

190 Number of Athletes in Grades  refers to the number of athletes who have been given titles through examination. The titles of athletes include international masters of sports, masters of sports, first-grade and second-grade.

191 Number of Referees in Grades  refers to the number of referees who have been given titles after examination. They are classified as international referees, national referees and referees of the first, second and third grades.

192  Social Welfare Institutions  refer to institutions taking care of old people without children,

handicapped people and orphans. They include social welfare institutions run by civil affairs departments, children welfare institutions, social welfare institutions for mental patients, and collective-owned old peoples homes in rural areas.

193 Number of People Taken in by Social Welfare Institutions  refers to the number of old people, children, totally dependent handicapped people and mental patients taken in by social welfare institutions run by civil affairs departments and those run by collective units in urban and rural areas.

194 Social Welfare Enterprises  are collective owned enterprises which employ the blind, deaf-

mute, and other handicapped people who are able to work in cities and towns and enjoy exemption from state taxes, including welfare plants, welfare commercial services, artificial limb plants and farms, etc.

195 Lawyers  are legal workers who are employed full time by legal counseling firms to act as legal advisers, agents in criminal or civil lawsuits, or defenders in criminal lawsuits, or to handle non-litigious legal affairs, to advise on matters of law or to write legal papers for others. Both full-time and part time lawyers are included.

196 Notary Personnel  refers to judicial workers of the state notary offices handling notarization work according to law. They include notaries, assistant notaries, and other people working for notary offices.

197 Notarized Documents  refer to the documents settled by notary offices in a year. The notary documents are drawn up in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Justice, including domestic documents and foreign-related documents. Domestic documents are divided into two major categories, documents on economic contracts and documents on civil legal relations.

198 Mediators  refer to workers on peoples mediation committees responsible for mediating in civil disputes and cases of slight infraction of the law. They include members of the mediation committees and mediators of mediation groups.

199 Mediation of Civil Disputes  refers to mediation committees work in mediating in civil disputes concerning civil rights and duties through persuasion and education in accordance with the provisions of law on a voluntary basis, so as to solve disputes by helping the parties involved come to an agreement and understanding. These disputes include divorce cases and disputes over property ownership, but exclude the civil cases to be handled by the court.