Appendix 7 Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the final products of all resident units in a country (or a region) during a certain period of time. Gross domestic product is expressed in three different forms, i.e. value, income, and products respectively. The form of value refers to the total value of all products and services produced by all resident units during a certain period of time minus total value of intimidate input of materials and services of the nature of non-fixed assets or the summation of the value-added of all resident units; the form of income includes all the income created by all resident units and distributed primarily to all resident and non-resident units; the form of products refers to the value of all final goods and services for final use by all resident units plus the value of net exports of goods and services during a given period of time. In the practice of national accounting, gross domestic product is calculated with three approaches, i.e. production approach, income approach, and expenditure approach, which reflect gross domestic product and its composition from different aspects.

2 Comparable Prices refers to prices that removed the factors of price change so as to exactly reflect the change of aggregate when comparing the value of different periods. Two methods are used for calculating comparable prices: 1. Multiplying the output of products by their fixed prices of certain year; 2. Converting prices by relevant price index.

3 Constant Price refers to the average price of a given product in certain year, which is used for comparison of output value over time. As the output value at constant prices removes the factor of price changes, it reflects the trend of production development over time. Since 1949, with the changes in general price level, National Bureau of Statistics has issued nationally unified constant prices five times: the 1952 constant prices for 1949-1957; the 1957 constant prices for 1957-1971; the 1970 constant prices for 1971-1981; the 1980 constant prices for 1981-1990; and the 1990 constant prices have been used since 1991.

4 Various Planning periods The conventional division of time period in this statistical yearbook is as follows: Economic Rehabilitation Period, 1950-1952; the First Five-Year Plan period, 1953-1957; The Second Five-Year Plan period, 1958-1962; The Third Five-Year Plan period, 1966-1970; The Fourth Five-Year Plan period, 1971-1975; The Fifth Five-Year Plan period, 1976-1980;The Sixth Five-Year Plan period, 1981-1985; The Seventh Five-Year Plan period, 1986-1990;The Eighth Five-Year Plan period, 1991-1995;The Ninth Five-Year Plan period, 1996-2000;The TenthFive-Year Plan period,2001-2005;The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period,2006-2010;The Twelfth Five-year plan period ,2011-2015.

5 Average Annual Growth Rate refers to the average growth rate year after year in a long period of time. There are two methods for calculating: one is ¡°level approach¡±, or the method of geometric level calculation, is the annual average growth (decrease) rate, which derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called ¡°accumulative approach¡±, or algebraic average or equation method, is the annual average growth (decrease) rate, which is derived by summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year. Usually, the results calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in growth.

The average annual growth rates listed in this statistical yearbook are all calculated by ¡°level approach¡±. The base years are not listed when the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For example, the average annual growth rate of the 35 years since reform & opening-up implemented is listed as 1979-2013 without listing the base year 1978, the rest of the years are analogized as the same.

6 Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and enterprises with foreign investment, in the light of the registration status of an enterprise in industrial and commercial administration agencies. Domestic-funded enterprises include state-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises, joint ownership enterprises, limited liability corporations, share-holding corporations Ltd., private enterprises and other enterprises. Included in the enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and enterprises with foreign investment are joint-venture enterprises, cooperative enterprises, sole investment enterprises and share-holding corporations Ltd. For government agencies, institutions and social organizations, which are not requested to be registered in industrial and commercial administration agencies, they are classified mainly by their sources of funds and way of management.

7 State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People¡¯s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited liability corporations.

8 Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People¡¯s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.

9 Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according to capital share.

10 Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises.

11 Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People¡¯s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.

12 Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People¡¯s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.

13 Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises .

14 Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.

15 Enterprises with Investment from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan refers to enterprises set up in mainland China in the forms of joint investment,cooperation or solely-owned investment by investors from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan in accordance with foreign-related economic laws & regulations of China. They include joint-venture enterprises, cooperative enterprises & solely-owned enterprises.

16 Enterprises with Foreign Investment refers to enterprises set up in mainland China in the forms of joint investment, cooperation or solely-owned investment by foreign investors in accordance with foreign-related economic laws & regulations of China. They include joint-venture enterprises with foreign investment, cooperation enterprises with foreign investment and enterprises with sole (exclusive) foreign investment.

17 Three industries Industry structure has been classified according to the historical sequence of development. Primary industry refers to extraction of natural resources; secondary industry involves processing of primary products; and tertiary industry provides services of various kinds for production and consumption. The above classification is universal although it varies to some extent from country to country. The three industries in China are classified as follows:

Primary industry refers to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery (excluding services related to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery).

Secondary industry refers to mining and quarrying (excluding auxiliary activities related to mining and quarrying), manufacturing (excluding repair services to metalware, machinery and equipment), production and supply of electricity, water and gas, and construction.

Tertiary industry, namely service industry, refers to all other sectors not included in primary and secondary industry. It includes wholesale and retail trade, transportation, storage, post and telecommunications, catering and accommodation, information transmission, software and information technology, financing, real estate, lease and commercial service, scientific research and technology service, management of water conservancy, environment and public facilities, residents service, repair and other service, education, healthcare and social work, public management, social security and social organization, international organization as well as services related to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, auxiliary activities related to mining and quarrying and repair services to metalware, machinery and equipment.

18 Total Population refers to the total number of people alive at a certain point of time within a given area.The annual statistics on total population is taken at midnight, the 3lst of December, excluding migrant population without household register in Changzhou city.

19 Birth Rate (or Crude Birth Rate) refers to the ratio of the number of births to the average population (or mid-period population) during a certain period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ¡ë. Birth rate in the chapter refers to annual birth rate. The following formula is used:

Birth Rate = Number of Births/Average Number of Population¡Á1000¡ë

Number of births refers to live births i.e. the births when babies had showed any vital phenomena regardless of the length of pregnancy.

The current calculation of birth rate is based on data residency by the public security data of permanent residency by the family planning commission at city levels, and can also be based on annual population sampling at country and provincial levels, including the late registration for births of previous year.

Annual average number of population is the average of the number of population at the beginning of the year and that at the end of the year, and can be substituted with the mid-year population.

20 Death Rate (or Crude Death Rate) refers to the ratio of the number of deaths to the average population (or mid-period population) during a certain period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ¡ë. Death rate in the chapter refers to annual death rate. The following formula is used:

Death Rate= Number of Deaths/Annual Average Number of Population¡Á1000¡ë

21 Natural Growth Rate of Population refers to the ratio of natural increase in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a certain period of time (usually a year) to the average population (or mid-period population) of the same period which is often expressed in ¡ë. The following formulas are applied:

Natural Growth Rate of Population = (Number of Births-Number of Deaths)/Average Number of Population¡Á1000¡ë

Natural Growth Rate of Population = Birth Rate-Death Rate

22 Life Expectancy refers to the average number of years a person of a certain age will live (or the average life-span of an age group if the pattern of morality for this age group remains as it is.)

23 Employed persons refer to individuals engaged in social labor and receive remuneration payment or earn business income, including fully employed staff and workers, re-employed retirees, private business owners, individual business owners, persons employed in private and individual businesses, township enterprises and agricultural sector, and other employed persons (including community-sponsored teachers, religion workers, active servicemen, etc.) This indicator reflects the actual utilization of overall labor resource within a given period and serves as an important indicator used for research of the basic national conditions and strength of our country.

24 Employed persons in units refer to individuals working in government agencies at various levels, political and party organizations, social organizations, enterprises and institutions, and receiving wages or other forms of payment. They include fully-employed staff and workers, re-employed retirees, community-sponsored teachers, foreigners and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan working in various units, part-time employees, employees of other units working temporarily at current posts, and employees holding a second job, but exclude staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contracts/employment relations unchanged. This indicator reflects the total number of laborers actually engaged in production or other operations in various units.

25 Staff and Workers refer to the persons who work in (and receive payment therefrom) enterprises and institutions of state ownership, collective ownership, joint ownership, share holding, foreign ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and other types of ownership and their affiliated units and get paid also include the staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contract/employment relation unchanged.

26 Fully Employed Staff and Workers refer to persons who work in, and receive wages from their working units, as well as persons who have their work posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on sick, injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working units.

27 Staff and Workers Who Have Left Working Units but Still Remaining the Relationship with the Units refer to those who have left the production or working posts due to various reasons and are not taking other positions in the same units, but whose labor relationship still remained in the units.

28 Total Wages of Persons Employed refer to the total remuneration payment to the whole staff and workers in various units during a certain period of time, including the total wages of fully employed staff and workers, the total salaries of assigned personnel and the total earnings of other employed persons.

29 Total Wages of Fully Employed Staff and Workers refers to the total remuneration payment to fully employed staff and workers in various units during a certain period of time. The calculation of total wages is based on the total remuneration payment to the staff and workers. Therefore, all the wages and salaries and other payments to staff and workers are included in the total wages regardless of their sources, category, and forms(in kind or cash).

30 Average Wage of Fully Employed Staff and Workers refers to the average wage in monetary terms per person during a certain period of time for fully employed staff and workers in various units, which is one of the main indicators reflecting the general level of wage and is calculated as follows:

Average Wage of Fully Employed Staff and Workers = Total Wages of Fully Employed Staff and Workers in Given Period / Average Number of Fully Employed Staff and Workers in Given Period.

31 Registered urban unemployed people refer to unemployed people at working age (from 16 years old to retirement age) in urban areas that have the ability to work and the need for jobs and have registered at public employment service agencies.

32 Consumer Price Index Consumer price, refers to the price that consumer goods and services purchased by urban and rural residents, is the final price of social products and services, which influences the people¡¯s livehood and lay a prominent role in the whole national economic price system. Consumer price index reflects the trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods purchased by residents.

33 Retail Price Index The the general change in retail prices of commodities . The change and adjustment in retail prices directly affect the living expenditure of urban and rural residents ,government revenue£¬purchasing power of residents and the equilibrium of market supply and demand ,and the ratio of consumption to accumulation. Therefore, the calculation of retail price index is useful to analyze the changes of the above economic activities.

34 Service Price Index refer to the comparative number of the expenditure of non-commercial and service consumption. The items involve: telecommunication expense, postal expense, transportation expense, hairdressing & beautification expense, culture and entertainment expense, school and baby-sitting expense, mending and other expense, medical insurance service expense, total classifications.

35 Disposable Income refers to the sum of income of the surveyed households obtained during the survey period that can be used for final consumption or expenditure and savings, that is, the income that can be freely disposed by the surveyed households. Disposable income includes both money and in-kind income. According to the source of income, disposable income consists of four categories, namely, wage income, net operating income, net property income and net transfer income.

36 Wage Income refers to the total remuneration and various benefits of employed people obtained through various channels, including the total remuneration and benefits acquired by those employed by units or individuals, or engaged in various freelance, part-time or sporadic jobs.

37 Net Operating Income refers to the net income obtained by households or household members engaged in production and business activities, which is the net income acquired after deducting operating expenses, depreciation of fixed assets for production and production tax from the overall operating income .

38 Net property Income refers to the net income obtained by households or household members by means of entrusting other institutional units, households or individuals to manage their own financial assets, non-financial assets like housing, and other natural resources after deducting related expenses. Net property income includes net interest income, dividend income, net income derived from depositing insurance, net rents by transfer of contracted land use rights, net rents of housing, net rents of other assets, and commuted net rents of owner-occupied housing.

39 Net transfer Income refers to the net resulted from transfer income minusing transfer expenses.

40 Transfer Income refers to a variety of regular transfer payments to households made by state, units and social groups, and regular income transfers among households. Regular transfer payments include pension or retirement welfare, social relief and subsidies, agricultural subsidies, policy-guaranteed living allowance, disaster relief, regular donations and compensation, and reimbursement of medical expenses transferred to residents by government, non-administrative institutions and social groups. Regular income transfers among households include alimony, regular donations and compensation, and the income sent or brought back to a household in rural areas (village committees) by a non-permanent member of the household working outside (including overseas), and so on.

41 Transfer Expenditure refers to regular or obligatory transfer payments made by the surveyed households to state, units, households or individuals, including the payment of taxes, social security expenses, alimony expenses, regular donations and compensations, and other regular transfer payments.

42 Consumption Expenditure refers to all the expenses for household consumption meeting daily needs, including the expenditure on consumer goods and services. According to different purposes of use, consumption expenditure can be divided into eight categories of food, alcohol and tobacco, clothing, housing, supplies and services, transportation and communications, education, culture and entertainment, health care, and other supplies and services. According to different sources, consumption expenditure can be divided into cash expenditure and in-kind expenditure (self-produced and consumed or by units, governments and other social organizations).

43 Investment in Fixed Assets Investment in fixed assets is the essential means for social reproduction of fixed assets. Amount of investment in fixed assets refers to the volume of activities in construction and purchases of fixed assets in monetary terms. It is a comprehensive indicator which shows the size, pace, proportional relations and use orientation of the investment in fixed assets. It is also an important basis to observe the progress of the project and the effect of investment.

44 Investment in Real Estate Development refers to the investment by the real estate development companies, commercial buildings construction companies and other real estate development units of various types of ownership in the construction of house buildings, such as residential buildings, factory buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses, holiday villages, office buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land development projects, such as roads, water supply, water drainage, power supply, heating, telecommunications, land leveling and other projects of infrastructure. It excludes the activities in simple land transactions.

45 Capital Source of Fixed Asset Investments There are two categories of capital for fixed asset investments, balance from the previous year and the actual amount of capital the local government receives in the current year. The actual funding is subdivided into 6 types, i.e. budgetary funding from the central government, domestic bank loans, bonds, foreign capital and funding collected by the local government itself.

46 Fixed Asset Investments by Category In terms of contents and forms, there are four categories of fixed asset investments, i.e. investments on construction projects, investments on installation projects, equipment purchases, and other expenses.

47 Newly-increased Fixed Assets The term refers to the value of newly-created fixed assets through investment. It includes investments on projects that are already operational or delivered for use, investments on equipment and facilities, and other expenses that should be accounted for. The term is a value-based comprehensive indicator of fixed asset investments.

48 Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets Completed and Put into Operation refers to the ratio of the newly increased fixed assets to the total investment made in the same period. This is a comprehensive indicator, reflecting the speed of the employment of fixed assets and the investment efficiency.

49 Construction Projects Construction projects are those that are constructed in the time span covered by the report. They include newly-started projects, projects that were started before the time span but are still under construction during the time span, projects that are started and finished in the time span, projects were completely suspended before the time span and are resumed during the time span and projects that are constructed but later completely suspended in the time span.

50 Projects Completed and Put into Use Industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which result in forming production capacity and have been checked and accepted while the living and welfare facilities have been completed and can ensure normal production and formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to the major projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed capacity and have been checked, accepted and formally put into production.

51 Floor space under construction refers to the floor space of all buildings (including basement, semibasement and supporting buildings) is being constructed within the period of the report. It consists of the floor space newly constructed in current phase and the floor space constructed from last year to current phase, and the floor space which stopped constructing in the previous phase but restarted to construct in current phase. The floor space completed in the current phase and the floor space stopped constructing or delayed construction of the current phase shall be included in the floor space under construction. As to multi storey building, floor space completed shall be filled in the total floor space of each storey.

52 Floor space completed refers to the total of building area of all buildings which are completed as per design requirement, meet the requirements for residence and use, and are inspected and accepted as qualified or meeting the completion acceptance criteria and can be transferred to normal use.

53 Floor Space of Residential Buildings refers to the floor space of the residential buildings under construction and completed among the total space of buildings under construction and completed.

54 Sold Floor Space of Commercial Residential Housing This term refers to the total floor space sold ( gross floor space identified in formal sales contracts) in the time span covered by the report. The term ¡°Sold Floor Space of the Month¡± refers to the total sold floor space identified in formal sales contracts from the first day of the month till the last day of the month. Sold floor space includes floor space of completed housing units and that of forward delivery housing units.

55 Floor Space to be Sold This term refers to the unsold or unrent floor space of commercial residential housing among all salable or rentable floor space that is completed. It includes floor space that is completed before and during the time span covered by the report. However, it does not include unsalable or rentable floor space that is completed for relocation, for real estate developers¡¯ own use, for temporary use or as part of public supporting facilities.

56 Gross Output Value of Farming,Forestry,Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total volume of products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in value terms and the value of all kinds of supporting serving activities to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery producing activities, which reflects the total scale and total result of agricultural production during a given period of time.The statistical scopes for Farming, Forestry£¬Animal Husbandry and Fishery are:

(1)Farming include crop cultivation and other farming crop cultivation, include planting of grain, beans, tubers, cotton, oil bearing crops,sugar crops,fiber crops,tobacco,vegetables,medicinal materials, melons and others, as well as tea,mulberry and fruit plantation.

Other farming include gathering of wild plant fruits, fiber,gum, oil, firewood, wild medicinal materials, fungi and commodity industry run by rural household.

(2)Forestry include planting of trees (not including planting,management & harvest of tea, mulberry and fruit plantation), collection of forest products,cutting and felling of bamboo and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages.

(3)Animal Husbandry include raising and grazing of any kind of animal and hunting and raising of wild animal, excluding fish breeding.

(4)Fishery include cultivation and catches of acquatic animals and seaweed.

(5) The trade of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, including irrigation service, elementary processing service of farming products, other agricultural service, forestry service, veterinarian service, other animal husbandry service, fishery service, and so on.

57 Grain Yield refers to the yield in the whole country including grains produced by state farms, collective units, industrial enterprises and mines.(Grain includes rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and beans).Data on grain production before 1989 were obtained through the Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System.Since 1989,data from sample sunveys are used.

58 Yield of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total yield of oil bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil bearing crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included.

59 Output of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included.

60 Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats with head, feet, and offal taken away.

61 Cultivated Area (Area under cultivation) refers to farmland which is plowed constantly for growing crops, including cultivated land, newly cultivated land in the current year, farmland left without cultivation for less than three years and fallow land in the current year, rotation land, rotation land of grass and crops, farmland with some fruit trees, mulberry trees and other trees and cultivated seashore land, lake land, and etc. The land of mulberry fields, tea plantations, orchards, nurseries of young plants, forestland, reed land, natural and man-made grassland and other land are not included in cultivated land.

62 Sown Area of Crops refers to area of land sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or non cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also included.At present ,the sown area of crops:grain,oil-bearing crops ,lotton,hamp,sugar crops,tobacco,medicinal materials,vegetables,melons and other farm crops.

63 Irrigated Area refers to areas that are effectively irrigated, i.e. level land which has water source and complete sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for regular irrigation purpose.

64 Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphorous pentoxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100% potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major component.

65 Total Power of Farm Machinery refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and drainage, harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery. The power of internal combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power of electric motors is required to be converted into watts. Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines used in township run and village-run industry, construction, non-agricultural transport, scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded.But mechanical power that engage in agriculture and sideline products for primary processing of villiage industrial mechanical power are included.

66 Number of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the total number of large animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations, state farms, rural individuals, government agencies, schools, industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period. The investigated method of the pigs and poultry has changed from overall investigation to sampling investigation since 1997.

67 Industry refers to the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and electricity generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such as the repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars).

68. Light Industry refers to the industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It also refers to the industry that produces consumer goods. The light industry consists of the following two branches: (1) the industrial sectors using agricultural products as raw materials, such as textile and sewing of cotton, wool, hemp and silk, leather and relative products, pulp and paper production, food production, etc.; (2) the industrial sectors using non-agricultural products as raw materials, such as metal, chemicals, glass, porcelain and ceramics, chemical fiber and relative fabric, matches, wood products and so on for daily use. Most of the light industrial products are production consumer goods, while some of them are used in the production of raw materials and semi-finished products, such as chemical fibers, industrial fabrics, paper products, salt, etc.

69 Heavy Industry refers to the industry, which produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national economy with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the following three branches according to the purpose of production or the use of products:(1) Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts natural resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores and logging.(2) Raw materials industry refers to the industry that provides various sectors of the national economy with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as cement, plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.(3) Manufacturing industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes machine-building industry, which equips sectors of the national economy, industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing means of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

According to the above principle of classification, the repairing trades, which are engaged primarily in repairing products of heavy industry, are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in repairing products of light industry are classified into light industry.

70 Gross Industrial Output Value refers to the total volume of final industrial products produced and industrial services provided during a given period in monetary terms, including the value of finished products, the income of processing rendered to other units and the changes in the value of home-made semi-finished products between the beginning and closing of the period.

71 Industrial Sales Output Value refers to the total volume of industrial products sold by an industrial enterprise during a given period and in the form of currency. It includes the value of finished products, semi-finished products, and industrial operations rendered to other units, products, industrial operations and self-made equipment provided to the basic construction department, welfare department, etc. of the enterprise. As to those finished products and semi-finished products, no matter whether products are manufactured in this calculation period or the previous one, so long as they are sold out in this calculation period, they should be included. The industrial operations are industrial services rendered to other units according to contracts. The products, industrial operations and self-made equipment provided to basic construction department, welfare department, and etc. of the enterprise should be regarded as act of sale, and included in sales statistics.

The scope, price and method of calculation of industrial sales output value are the same as those for gross industrial output value. However, the calculation base are different: the base for sales output value is the total volume of products sold; the base for gross industrial output value is total volume of production of industrial products.

72 Accounts Receivable refer to money owed to a business on the sale of products, services and other business activities by its customers that have purchased goods or received services, mainly including money owed by concerning debtor(s) to a business on the sale of products or services, as well as the packaging costs, transport charges and so on paid in advance by a purchasing agent.

73 Paid-in Capital refers to the total capital (or equity) actually contributed to a corporation by investors in monetary terms, in kind, with intangible assets, etc. The investment entities can be divided into state capital, collective capital, corporate capital, personal capital, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital, and foreign capital.

74 Total Assets refer to all resources collected via past transactions or events of a business, owned or controlled by the business and expected to bring economic benefits to the business.

75 Total Circulating Assets refer to assets that meet one of the following conditions: (1) assets expected to be liquidated, sold or consumed within a normal business cycle, including inventory, accounts receivable, etc.; (2) assets held for trading purposes; (3) assets expected to be liquidated within one year (including one year) after the balance sheet date; and (4) cash or cash equivalents that have unrestricted ability for exchange of other assets or to pay off the liabilities within one year after the balance sheet date.

76 Total Fixed Assets refer to tangible assets, with service life over one fiscal year, held by a business for production, services, rental or operation and management.

77 Original Value of Fixed Assets refers to the cost of fixed assets, including the total amount of all expenses incurred at the time of purchase, construction, installation, reconstruction, expansion and technical improvement of a particular fixed assets.

78 Accumulated Depreciation refers to the accumulated amount of depreciation on fixed assets of a business during the past years drawn in the end of given period.

79 Depreciation Drawn in Current Year refers to the total amount of depreciation on fixed assets of a business drawn within given period, the data of which is collected according to the ¡°Depreciation of Fixed Assets¡± of ¡°Statement of Changes in Financial Position¡± in accounting.

80 Total Liabilities refer to the current obligations that are expected to result in outflow of economic benefits of a business incurred from past transactions or events of the said business. Liabilities are generally divided into liquid liabilities and non-liquid liabilities based on the length of the repayment period.

81 Total Liquid Liabilities refer to liabilities that meet one of the following conditions: (1) liabilities expected to be settled within a normal business cycle; (2) liabilities held for trading purposes; (3) liabilities that shall be settled within one year after the balance sheet date; and (4) liabilities that a business has no right to defer the settlement to more than one year after the balance sheet date by their own. Such liabilities include short-term borrowings, bills payable, accounts payable, remuneration payable to employees, taxes payable and other items.

82 Non-liquid Liabilities refer to liabilities other than in current liabilities, including long-term loans, bonds payable and so on, the data of which is collected according to the ending balance of ¡°Total Non-liquid Liabilities¡± of ¡°Balance Sheet¡± in accounting.

83 Total Creditors¡¯ Equity refers to residual interest owned by creditors in corporate assets after deducting liabilities. Company creditors¡¯ equity is also known as shareholders¡¯ equity, including paid-up capital, capital surplus, earned surplus, undistributed profits, etc.

84 Main Business Income refers to income of sales of goods and services and other main business recognized by a business.

85 Main Business Tax and Surcharges refer to the business tax, consumption tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, education surtax, etc. that should be borne by a company from main business.

86 Total Value of Profit and Tax (pre-tax Profits) refers to the total sum of profits, products sales tax and surcharges and the value added tax payable of industrial enterprises. It is also called pre-tax profits.

87 Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated as follows:

Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=(Total Profits/ Total Costs)¡Á100%

88 Sales Ratio of Industrial Products refers to the sales of industrial products to the gross industrial output value in given period, which is important in reflecting the linkage between production and sales and the extent of the needs of the society that has been met by the supply of industrial products. It is calculated as follows:

Sales Ratio of Industrial Products = [Industrial Sales / Gross Industrial Output Value (at current prices)]¡Á100%

89 Gross Output Value of Construction refers to total output value as expressed in monetary terms of the production and service of construction enterprises within certain period of time. The total value consists of three parts:

(1) Output value of construction projects, that is the value of projects covered by the project budgets;

(2) Output value of installation projects, that is the value of the installation of equipment, (excluding the value of the equipment to be installed);

(3) Other output value: refers to the value of production including repairing of auxiliary parts of housing, non-standard equipment manufacturing, administration cost of contractor on sub-contractor and other construction output which cannot be clearly categorized.

90 Output Value of Completed Projects usually refers to output value of single construction project concerned within reference period, calculated when the projected is completed as required by the plan of the project, meeting the requirements of turning over to the user and pass the examination of authorized department. The scope of output includes: the value created from start to completion of the projects. If the construction of the projects took more than one year, the output value should include the value completed in previous year. The output can be calculated on section by section bases on large projects if they can be divided by sections, levels of construction. Large plants, deluxe hotels, pipe work, highway, railway etc are examples of these large projects.

91 Floor Space of Buildings Under Construction refers to all the floor space of buildings in construction reported in reference period, including those starting construction, construction relayed from previous period, construction resumed after the delay of the previous period, completed construction and construction started in present period and stopped at present.

92 Floor Space of Buildings Completed refers to floor space of construction project concerned within reference period, calculated when the projected is completed as required by the plan of the project, meeting the requirements of turning over to the user and pass the examination of authorized department. The calculation of the floor space should strictly adhere to the standard requirements for check up the completion of the construction projects. For civil construction projects, generally speaking, the floor space should be calculated when the building itself and its water, sewage, gas, heating, ventilation, elevator etc have been completed according to the construction plan, passed the examination for completion and turned over to the user. For the industrial construction as well as the construction of R&D buildings, the floor space should be calculated, generally speaking, when the building was completed with water, heating, sewage and ventilation as well as auxiliary parts in living quarter and operational quarter, even without the installation of manufacturing equipment as well as pipelines.

93 Total Number of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year refers to the number of machines and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed as the fixed assets of the enterprises by the end of the year, including machinery and equipment for construction, production and transportation.

94 Total Power of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year refers to the total power of machinery and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed as the fixed assets of the enterprises by the end of the year, including machinery and equipment for construction, production and transportation. The power of the machinery is calculated on basis of the designed or verified capacity, covering the power of the machinery/equipment and the separate power equipment serving the machinery/equipment (such as electric motors), but excluding welders, transformers and boilers. The unit used for the calculation of power is kilowatt, with horsepower converted to kilowatt by 1 horsepower=0.735 kilowatt.

95 Length of Highways refers to the length of highways which are builted in conformity with the grades specified by the Highway Engineering Standard JTJ01-88 formulated by the Ministry of Communications,and have been formally checked and accepted by the departments of highways and put into use. The length of highways includes that of the suburb highways at large and medium-sized cities, highways passing through streets at small cities and towns, and also the length of bridges and ferries. It does not include the length of streets in big and medium-sized cities and highways built for the production purpose at factories, mines, forest areas and agricultural areas. If two or more highways go the same section of the way, the length of the section is only calculated for once and no duplication is allowed. The length of highways is an important indicator to show the development of the highway construction and to provide essential information to calculate the transport network density.

96 Length of Navigable Inland Waterways an indicator reflecting the size and development of inland water network, it refers to the length of the natural rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and ditches open to navigation during a given period, which enables the transport by ships and rafts. It includes the channels open to navigation for over an accumulative 3 months in a year, yet this does not include the river courses which are only used to float odd logs and bamboo rafts.

97 Freight (Passenger) Traffic refers to the volume of freight (passenger) transported with various means. Freight transport is calculated in tons and passenger traffic is calculated in the number of persons. Despite the type of freight and travelling distance, the freight transport is calculated in the actual weight of the goods: and despite the travelling distance and ticket price, the passenger traffic is calculated by the principle that one person can be counted only once in one travel. The passenger who travels with a half price ticket or a child ticket is also calculated as one person. The freight (passenger) traffic provides a quantitative measure to show how the transport industry serves the national economy and people, and is also an important indicator for planning the transport industry and for studying the development scale and speed of the transport industry.

98 Freight Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers) refer to the sum of the products of the volume of transported cargo (passengers) multiplying by the transport distance, usually using ton-kilometer and passenger-kilometer as units for measurement. Normally, the shortest distance between the departure station and the destination station (i.e., the payable distance) is the basis to calculate the freight ton-kilometers. This is an important indicator to show the total results of the transport industry, to prepare and examine the transport plan and to measure the efficiency, the labor productivity and the unit cost of transport.

99 Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications Services refer to the total amount of services provided to society by post and telecommunications enterprises with the form of value. Post and telecommunications services can be divided by category as letter, parcel, bill of draft, newspaper and magazine distribution, EMS, philately, fixed telephone, lending circuit, mobile phone, packet switched data traffic and lending telephone switchboard maintenance. The calculation method shall be the sum of various kinds of product time average unit price (fixed price) then plus the service incomes from lending circuit, telephone switchboard and circuit maintenance on behalf of customers.

100 Mobile Telephone Subscribers refer to subscribers of the telephone using mobile telephone network, and occupying mobile telephone number. The number of subscribers shall be calculated as per the number dealt with the formalities of mobile telephone network at cell-phone business office as of the report date, each cell-phone shall be recorded as one subscriber.

101 Number of Internet Subscribers refers to the number of subscribers who have registered and accessed into the international network, including local network area, metropolitan area network, wide area network, and dial-up network subscribers and private wire network subscribers.

102 Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods refers to the activities of selling wholesale commodities for daily use and capital goods to enterprises of wholesale and retail trades (including self-employed individuals) and other enterprises, institutions and government organs and organizations£¬and the activities of engaging in import and export and acting as a trade agent.The wholesaler may have the ownership of the commodities for wholesale and trade in the name of its own(a company)£¬and the wholesaler can act as commission agent or commodity broker without the ownership of commodities Also included are the wholesale activities at the fixed stalls in wholesale market and the acquisition for sales purpose.

103 Wholesale and Retail Sales Trade refers to units not directly involved in the manufacturing of commodities, rather purchasing the commodity from manufacturers or circulating units without processing, or with simple processing (cleaning, tidying, categorizing, packaging, etc) and achieving benefits by reselling the commodities.

104 Accommodation refers to service provided to clients with payment.

105 Catering trade refer to the units offer various food and drinks consumed at once in certain places and this kind of service is more important than other services (entertainment, e.g.) offered.

106 Wholesale enterprises above designated size refer to wholesale companies with the main business income of more than RMB 20 million yuan.

107 Retail enterprises above designated size refer to retail companies with the main business income of more than RMB 5 million yuan.

108 Catering enterprises above designated size refer to catering companies with the main business income of more than RMB 2 million yuan.

109 Total Sales of Commodities refer to value of commodities sold by the establishments to other establishments and individuals (including direct export). This indicator reflects the total value of sales of commodities at domestic markets and export, including: (1)commodities sold to urban and rural residents and social groups for their consumption;(2)commodities sold to establishment in all industries for their production and opration;(3)commodities sold to wholesale and retail establishments for re-selling with or without further processing;(4)commodities for direct exprt to abroad.

110 Value of Business Transaction in Trading Markets refers to the total sales valus of commodities realized by the operators in the transaction market.Commodity transaction markets include consumer good markets and means of production markets .

111 Registered Capital of Private Enterprises refer to the checked registered capital when the private enterprises do the start or change registered, exclude the bank loans.

112 The Units of the Private owned industrial and Commercial Enterprises refers to the amount of the private owned industrial and commercial enterprises, which have got the business licence or the temporary business licences.

113 Staff and Workers in the Private Owned Industrial and Commercial Enterprises refer to the whole people take part in the business and get paid, which are checked by the industrial and commercial department, involved the manager of the private industrial and commercial enterprises, helper and the apprentices.

114 Registered Capital of the Private owned Industrial and commercial enterprises refer to the checked registered capital when apply for or change the registration.

115 Utilization of Foreign Capital refers to remittance, equipment and technology financed from abroad, by loans, foreign direct investment and other forms undertaken by the Chinese governments at all levels, by various departments, enterprises and other economic units.

116 Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs refers to the investments inside China by foreign enterprises and economic organizations or individuals (including overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese enterprises registered abroad ), following the relevant policies and laws of China, for the establishment of ventures exclusively with foreign own investment, Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises or for cooperative exploration of resources with enterprises or economic organizations in China. It includes the re-investment of the foreign entrepreneurs with the profits gained from the investment and the funds that enterprises borrow from abroad in the total investment of projects which are approved by the relevant department of the government.

117 Contracted Projects with Foreign Countries refers to projects undertaken by Chinese contractors (project contracting companies) through bidding process. They include: (1) overseas civil engineering construction projects financed by foreign investors. (2) overseas projects financed by the Chinese government through its foreign aid programs. (3) construction projects of Chinese diplomatic missions, trade offices and other institutions stationed abroad. (4) construction, projects in China Financed by foreign investment.(5) sub-contracted projects to be taken by Chinese contractors through a joint umbrella project with foreign contractor(Including bear terrain mapping; geological resource exploration and census ;construction regional planning; provide the design documents, drawings, production technology and engineering technical economic advice; feasibility investigation, research and evaluation of project;carry out technical guidance and training personnel);(6) housing development projects. The business income from international contracted projects is the work volume of contracted projects completed during the reference period, expressed in monetary terms, including completed work on projects singed in previous years.

118 Service Cooperation with Foreign Countries refers to the activities of providing technology and labor services to employers or contractors in the forms of receiving salaries and wages. Labor services providing by contractual joint ventures of Chinese international contracting corporations should be included in the statistics of service cooperation with foreign countries. The business income of labor service cooperation is the income in the form of wages and salaries, overtime pay, bonuses and other remuneration received from the employers during the reference period.

119 International Tourists refers to foreigners, overseas Chinese, Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan coming to China for sightseeing, visits, tours, family reunions, vacations, study tours, conferences and other activities of a business, scientific and technological, cultural, educational and religious nature. It does not include representatives and employees of resident institutions of foreign countries in China such as embassies, consulates, news agencies and offices of foreign companies and organizations, nor does it include long term foreign experts or students residing in China, or persons in transition without spending a night in China.

120 Total Electricity Consumption refer to the total amount of electricity consumed, it can be divided into š countryside used electricity š,š industry used electricity š,š transportation used electricity š,š urban and rural residents used electricity š and so on, all kinds of the electricity consumption all involved the electricity sold to the city¡¯s consumer by power stations, the electricity produced for self use (involved the electricity made by the waste heat).

121 Energy Consumption of Industry Enterprises refer to the energy, artificial used energy and energy used in other fields as fuel, material and supplementary material.

122 Total Fiscal Revenue refers to income for the government finance through participating in the distribution of social products.It is the financial guarantee to ensure government functioning. In our province, total financial revenue is the sum of public finance budgetary revenue£¬funds budgetary revenue and four taxes turned over to central government

123 Government Expenditure refers to the distribution and use of the funds the government finance has raised, so as to meet the needs of economic construction and various causes.

124 Deposit is a form of credit by which enterprises, institutions, organizations or households can put money into banks and other credit institutions for safekeeping and interest earning under the principle of free withdrawal. According to different depositors, deposits are divided into enterprise deposits, treasury deposits, deposits of government agencies and organizations, capital construction deposits, urban savings deposits, rural deposits and other deposits. Deposits are major sources of the credit funds of banks.

125 Saving Deposits Balance of Urban and Rural residents Saving deposits include the bank savings deposits of organizations such as industrial and mining enterprises, army units, institutions, ect. The outstanding amount of savings deposits refers to the money put into banks and rural credit unions at certain time points (balance between deposit and withdrawal), such as the end of the month, quarter or year.

126 Loan is a form of credit by which banks and other credit institutions provide funds at certain interest rate to enterprises and individuals in the light of the principle of unconditional repayment. Loans from Chinese banks include circulating capital loans, fixed assets loans, loans to urban and rural individuals engaged in industrial and commercial business and agricultural loans.

127 Amount Insured refers to the maximum that the insurant will get for the claim of the case insured.

128 Premium is the fee paid by the insurant to the insurer to obtain the obligation of compensation from the insurance within the agreed terms.

129 Insurance Indemnity refers to the compensation paid by the insurer to the insurant in accordance with the stipulations of the insurance contract after confirmed the insured event within the scope of insurance coverage by means of verification.

130 Length of Paved Roads at the Year-end refers to the length of roads with a paved surface, and with a width of more than 3.5 meters, including high quality, medium quality and ordinary roads.

131 Urban Bridges refer to bridges over river courses, great separated junctions and overpasses in urban areas. Permanent bridges and semi-permanent bridges are included. Temporary bridges, railway bridges and culverts are excluded.

132 Length of Urban Sewage Pipes refers to the total length of general drainage, trunks,branch and blind drainage, inspection wells, connection wells, inlets and outlets, etc.

133 Daily Disposal Capacity of Urban Sewage refers to the designed 24-hour capacity of sewage disposal at the sewage treatment works.

134 Floor Space of the Park, Gardens and Green Area Of Urban refers to the total area of urban public green land, special green land, production green land, protection green land and suburban scenic spots.

135 Green Space in Park refers to the green area with main function of opening for the public, and recreation, which possesses certain recreation facilities and service facilities, integrated the effects of ecology perfection, scenery beautification, prevention and mitigation of the effects of disasters.

136 Production Capacity of Tap Water at the Year-end refers to the actual comprehensive production capacity of the waterworks administered by the urban construction department and those owned by enterprises or institutions, taking the capacity of the main links, such as water inflow, purification, conveyance and outflow of the trunk pipelines into account.

137 Number of Public Vehicles (Buses and Trolley buses) at the Year-end refers to the total number of operational buses available at the year-end, including the year-end operational vehicles and vehicles in stock. Non-operational vehicles such as stringing cars, tank cars, machine shop cars, trucks and other special vehicles and the borrowed passenger vehicles are excluded.

138 Length of Roads in Operation refers to the length of designated regular routes in operation, including the length of suburban routes in operation. The length of temporary operational lines is not included.

139 Length of Water Supply Pipelines at the Year-end refers to the total length of all the pipelines between the water pumps and the users water meters.

140 Annual Volume of Water Supply refers to the total volume of water supplied by the public water-works and those owned by individual enterprises and institutions during the whole year, including both the effective water supply and loss during the water supply.

141 Consumption of Water for Residential Use refers to the water consumption of households for daily life and the water consumption of public welfare facilities, including the consumption of restaurants, hotels, hospitals, barber shops, public bathhouses, laundries, swimming pools, shops, schools, institutions, army units and other units.

142 Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Tap Water refers to the ratio of the urban non-agricultural population (excluding temporary and mobile population) with access to tap water to the total urban non-agricultural population. The formula is:

Percentage of Population with Access to Tap Water=(Urban Non-agricultural Population with Access to Tap Water) / (Urban Non-agricultural Population) ¡Á100%

143 Length of Gas Pipelines refers to the total length of pipelines between the outlet of the compressor, blower or gas tank and the gas meters of users.

144 Volume of Gas Supply refers to the total volume of gas sold to users in a year, including the volume for industrial use, residential use and other uses.

145 Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Gas refers to the ratio of the urban non-agricultural population with access to gas (including gas, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas) to the urban non-agricultural population (excluding temporary and mobile population). The formula is:

Percentage of Population with Access to Gas =(Urban Non-agricultural Population with Access to Gas) / (Urban Non-agricultural Population) ¡Á100%

146 Total Amount of Waste Water refers to the total amount of industrial waste water and resident waste water. The industrial refers to the total of the waste water produced in the producing, studying period of the enterprises and institutions. The resident waste water refers to the waste water produced in the residences.

147 Volume of Industrial Waste Water Discharged refers to the volume of industrial waste water discharged, through all outlets, to the outside of industrial enterprises, including waste water produced, direct-cooling water, underground water from mines that does not meet the standard of discharge, and the domestic sewage mixed up with industrial waste water when discharged, but excluding discharged indirect-cooling water.

148 Total Amount of Industrial Waste Gas Discharged refers to the total volume of all kinds of gas containing pollutants discharged to the air by factories in the process of fuel combustion and production, which is measured by standard conditions (273K, 101325Pa).

149 Volume of General Industrial Solid Wastes Utilized in a Comprehensive Way refers to the volume of solid wastes from which useful materials can be extracted or which can be transformed to utilizable resources, energy or other raw materials through recycling, processing, circulation, exchange, and so on, including the volume of industrial solid wastes stored up in the previous years and utilized in the current year, such as the solid wastes utilized as fertilizers, building materials, road construction materials, etc.

150 Volume of General Industrial Solid Wastes Treated refers to the amount of solid wastes eliminated by enterprises in the survey year through incineration of industrial solid wastes and other methods of changing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the industrial solid wastes, to reduce or eliminate their risk components, or by means of burying the industrial solid wastes in the landfill meeting the requirements for environmental protection. Such treatments include: burying, burning, piling in designated sites (warehouses), pouring water into the deep strata, filling of old mines, ocean disposal (as approved by Ocean Management Authorities), and so on.

151 Total Amount of Industrial Smoke, (Powder) and Dust Discharged refers to the total amount of smoke and industrial dust discharged to the air by enterprises in the process of fuel combustion and production.

152 R & D is the abbreviation of research and development, and refers to the systemic and creative activities for the purpose of increasing knowledge and applying the knowledge within the field of science and technology (including the fields of natural science, agricultural science, medical science, engineering and technological science and humanities and social science). R & D consists of three kinds of activities, including fundamental research, application research and experimental development.

153 Independent Research and Development Institutions refer to the state- owned institutions which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain number of core members with higher research level and certain number of research personal, favourable conditions for R&D and engaging in scientific research and technological development. The institutions also have their own independent organization and finance, authority to sign contracts with other units, their bank accounts. Independent research and development institutions include the institutions attached to central government agencies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the institutions attached to the local government.

154 Scientists and Engineers refer to persons who have completed university or higher education or obtained titles of senior and middle level professional positions.

155 Personnel of Independent Research and Development Institutions refers to the persons working in and receiving payment from research and development institutions. It includes regular full-time and temporary staff and workers and employees working on contracts, but excludes retirees and persons leaving their work without payment but still retaining their posts, who are not on the employee list.

156 Total Expenditure on Research and Development refers to all actual expenditure made for R&D (basic research, applied research and experimental development)in reference period. It includes direct expenditure on R&D and indirect expenditure on R&D (including management and necessary administrative expenses of research institutes, investment in capital construction relating to R&D).

157 Inventions refer to the inventions as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the new technical proposals to the products or methods or their modifications.

158 Utility Models The utility models specified by the patent law and its detailed rules for implementation refer to the new technical proposals on the shape, structure or combination of shape and structure of product, which is suitable for practical use.

159 Designs refer to the designs as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry applicable new designs for the shape, pattern and color of the product, or their combinations.

160 Number of online registered technology contracts refers to the number of local technology contracts registered via the national technology contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/).

161 Business volume of online registered technology contracts refers to the business volume of local technology contracts registered via the national technology contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/).

162 Science and Technology Enterprises Incubator refers to the scientific and technological innovation service organization aiming to promote the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, and to nurture high-tech enterprises and entrepreneurs. It includes technological innovation service center, university technology parks, innovation (venture) park for returned overseas students, software parks and professional technological enterprises incubators.

163 Total income of enterprises under incubation refers to the sum of various incomes achieved from technology, industry and trade by the enterprises under incubation within the statistical year.

164 Persons employed by enterprises under incubation refer to the total number of persons employed by the enterprises under incubation at the end date of this report.

165 Incubated Enterprises refer to the enterprises realize independent development after developed to a certain scale so that divorce from the incubator. (The data of incubated enterprises is only accumulated based on the data of graduation time, without tracking).

166 Regular Institutions of Higher Learning refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools via national entrance examination and providing higher diploma education. They include full time universities, independent colleges and senior professional schools, senior vocational universities and other institutions (such as independent institutes, branch schools and junior colleges).

167 Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling personnel with senior secondary school or equivalent education via national entrance examination and providing higher diploma education by means of correspondence, part time or full time. They include workers¡¯ colleges, peasants¡¯ colleges, institutes for administration, educational colleges, independent correspondence colleges and etc.

168 The number of Full-time Teachers refers to the number of personnel engaged in education as full-time teachers, including those who are temporarily designated (within one year) to assist in other fields. The former teachers transferred from teaching to undertake administrative management are excluded.

169 Cultural Institutions refer to units which have their own organizational system and independent accounting system and specialize in or serve cultural development. They exclude other establishments run by these cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups established by various departments.

17 0 Art Troupe refers to the troupe which is engaged in drama, opera, music, dance, acrobatics or other art performance, opens independent accounts with banks and has self-supporting accounting system; excluding the troupes which are engaged partly in industrial or agricultural activities, partly in art performance and the professional troupes organized by the people.

17 1 Number of Spectators at Art Performance refers to the number of attendants at commercial shows, completely booked shows or free shows given in minority national areas, and does not include the number of spectators at rehearsals for examination and internal shows for study.

172 Hospitals refer to medical institutions with permanent hospital beds, which are able to take in patients and provide them with medical and nursing services. Hospitals are classified into three categories: hospitals at or above the county level, hospitals of rural townships, and other hospitals. According to their ownership, hospitals can be classified into three categories: hospitals under the public health departments, hospitals under industrial and other departments and collective-owned hospitals. Hospitals at or above county level are divided into comprehensive and specialized hospitals.

173 Medical Technical Personnel refers to all medical staff and workers employed by medical institutions, including doctors of Chinese and Western medicine, senior doctors who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western therapeutics in practice, senior nurses, pharmacists of Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory specialists, other specialists, paramedics of Chinese and Western medicine, nurses, midwives, druggists in Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory technicians, other technicians, other practitioners of Chinese medicine, nursing attendants, pharmacological workers of Chinese and Western medicine, laboratory workers, and other primary medical personnel.

174 Doctors refer to qualified professional medical workers approved to practice by public health departments. They are classified into doctors of Chinese medicine, doctors of Western medicine, senior doctors who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western therapeutics in practice, paramedics of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and other specialists of Chinese medicine.

175 Number of Athletes in Grades refers to the number of athletes who have been given titles through examination. The titles of athletes include international masters of sports, masters of sports, first-grade and second-grade.

176 Number of Referees in Grades refers to the number of referees who have been given titles after examination. They are classified as international referees, national referees and referees of the first, second and third grades.

177 Social Welfare Institutions refer to institutions taking care of old people without children,handicapped people and orphans. They include social welfare institutions run by civil affairs departments, children welfare institutions, social welfare institutions for mental patients, and collective-owned old peoples homes in rural areas.

178 Number of People Taken in by Social Welfare Institutions refers to the number of old people, children, totally dependent handicapped people and mental patients taken in by social welfare institutions run by civil affairs departments and those run by collective units in urban and rural areas.

179 Social Welfare Enterprises are collective owned enterprises which employ the blind, deafmute, and other handicapped people who are able to work in cities and towns and enjoy exemption from state taxes, including welfare plants, welfare commercial services, artificial limb plants and farms, etc.

180 Lawyers are legal workers who are employed full time by legal counseling firms to act as legal advisers, agents in criminal or civil lawsuits, or defenders in criminal lawsuits, or to handle non-litigious legal affairs, to advise on matters of law or to write legal papers for others. Both full-time and part time lawyers are included.

181 Notary Personnel refers to judicial workers of the state notary offices handling notarization work according to law. They include notaries, assistant notaries, and other people working for notary offices.

182 Notarized Documents refer to the documents settled by notary offices in a year. The notary documents are drawn up in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Justice, including domestic documents and foreign-related documents. Domestic documents are divided into two major categories, documents on economic contracts and documents on civil legal relations.

183 Mediators refer to workers on peoples mediation committees responsible for mediating in civil disputes and cases of slight infraction of the law. They include members of the mediation committees and mediators of mediation groups.

184 Mediation of Civil Disputes refers to mediation committees work in mediating in civil disputes concerning civil rights and duties through persuasion and education in accordance with the provisions of law on a voluntary basis, so as to solve disputes by helping the parties involved come to an agreement and understanding. These disputes include divorce cases and disputes over property ownership, but exclude the civil cases to be handled by the court.