主要统计指标解释 |
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1. 地区生产总值 指一个国家(地区)所有常住单位在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果。国内生产总值有三种表现形态,即价值形态、收入形态和产品形态。从价值形态看,它是所有常住单位在一定时期内所生产的全部货物和服务价值超过同期投入的全部非固定资产货物和服务价值的差额,即所有常住单位的增加值之和;从收入形态看,它是所有常住单位在一定时期内所创造并分配给常住单位和非常住单位的初次分配收入之和;从产品形态看,它是最终使用的货物和服务减去进口货物和服务。在实际核算中,国内生产总值的三种表现形态表现为三种计算方法,即生产法、收入法和支出法。三种方法分别从不同的方面反映地区生产总值及其构成。 |
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2. 可比价格 指对不同时期的价值进行对比时,扣除了价格变动的因素,以确切反映物量的变化情况。按可比价格计算的方法有两种:一是直接按产品产量乘不变价格计算;二是用物价指数换算。 |
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3. 不变价格 指以同类产品某年的平均价格作为固定价格,用于计算各年的产品价值。按不变价格计算的产品价值消除了价格变动因素,不同时期对比可以反映生产的发展速度。新中国成立后,随着工农业产品价格水平的变化,国家统计局先后五次制定了全国统一的工业产品不变价格和农业产品不变价格。从1952年到1957年使用1952年工(农)业产品不变价格,从1957年到1970年使用1957年不变价格,从1971年到1980年使用1970年不变价格,从1981年到1990年使用1980年不变价格,从1991年开始使用1990年不变价格。 |
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4. 各个计划时期 各个计划“时期”代表的年份如下:恢复时期为1950-1952年;第一个五年计划时期(简称“一五”时期)为1953-1957年;第二个五年计划时期(简称“二五”时期)为1958-1962年;调整时期为1963-1965年:第三个五年计划时期(简称“三五”时期)为1966-1970年;第四个五年计划时期(简称“四五”时期)为1971-1975年;第五个五年计划时期(简称“五五”时期)为1976-1980年:第六个五年计划时期(简称“六五”时期)为1981-1985年;第七个五年计划时期(简称“七五”时期)为1986-1990年;第八个五年计划时期(简称“八五”时期)为1991-1995年;第九个五年计划时期(简称“九五”时期)为1996-2OOO年;第十个五年计划时期(简称“十五”时期)从2001-2005年;第十一个五年计划时期(简称“十一五”时期)为2006-2010年。 |
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5. 平均增长速度 指某种现象在一个较长时期中逐年增长的平均速度。其计算方法有两种:一是习惯上经常使用的“水平法”,又称几何水平法,是以间隔期最后一年的水平同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长(或下降)速度;二是“累计法”,又称代数平均法或方程法,是以间隔期内各年水平的总和同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长(或下降)速度。在一般正常情况下,两种方法计算的数值比较接近,但在经济发展不平衡,出现大起大落时,该两个数值差别较大。 |
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本《年鉴》内所列的平均每年的增长速度,均用“水平法”计算。从某年到某年平均每年增长速度的年份,均不包括基期年在内。如改革开放32年以来的平均每年增长速度是以1978年为基期计算的,则写为1979-2010年平均每年增长速度,其余类推。 |
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6. 企业(单位)登记注册类型
是以在工商行政管理机关登记注册的各类企业为划分对象,以工商行政管理部门对企业登记注册的类型为依据,将企业登记注册类型分为内资企业、港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业三大类。内资企业包括国有企业、集体企业、股份合作企业、联营企业、有限责任公司、股份有限公司、私营公司和其他企业; 港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业分别包括合资经营企业、合作经营企业、独资经营企业和股份有限公司。对不在工商行政管理部门进行登记注册的行政机关、事业单位和社会团体,主要按其经费来源和管理方式进行划分。 |
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7. 国有企业 指企业全部资产归国家所有,并按《中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例》规定登记注册的非公司制经济组织。不包括有限责任公司中的国有独资公司。 |
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8. 集体企业 指企业资产归集体所有,并按《中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例》规定登记注册的经济组织。 |
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9. 股份合作企业 指以合作制为基础,由企业职工共同出资入股,吸收一定比例的社会资产投资组建,实行自主经营,自负盈亏,共同劳动,民主管理,按劳分配与按股分红相结合的一种集体经济组织。 |
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10. 联营企业 指两个及两个以上相同或不同所有制性质的企业法人或事业单位法人,按自愿、平等、互利的原则,共同投资组成的经济组织。联营企业包括国有联营企业、集体联营企业、国有与集体联营企业和其他联营企业。 |
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11. 有限责任公司 指根据《中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例》规定登记注册,由两个以上、五十个以下的股东共同出资,每个股东以其所认缴的出资额对公司承担有限责任,公司以其全部资产对其债务承担责任的经济组织。有限责任公司包括国有独资公司以及其他有限责任公司。 |
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12. 股份有限公司 指根据《中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例》规定登记注册,其全部注册资本由等额股份构成并通过发行股票筹集资本,股东以其认购的股份对公司承担有限责任,公司以其全部资产对其债务承担责任的经济组织。 |
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13. 私营企业 指由自然人投资设立或由自然人控股,以雇佣劳动为基础的营利性经济组织。包括按照《公司法》、《合伙企业法》、《私营企业暂行条例》规定登记注册的私营有限责任公司、私营股份有限公司、私营合伙企业和私营独资企业。 |
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14. 其他企业 指上述企业之外的其他内资经济组织。 |
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15. 港、澳、台投资企业 指港、澳、台地区投资者参照中华人民共和国有关涉外经济的法律、法规,以合资、合作或独资的形式在祖国大陆举办的企业。包括合资经营企业、合作经营企业和独资企业。 |
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16. 外商投资企业 指外国投资者根据中华人民共和国有关涉外经济的法律、法规,以合资、合作或独资的形式在中国大陆境内开办的企业。包括中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业。 |
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17. 三次产业 根据社会生产活动历史发展的顺序对产业结构的划分,产品直接取自自然界的部门称为第一产业,对初级产品进行再加工的部门称为第二产业,为生产和消费提供各种服务的部门称为第三产业。它是世界上通用的产业结构分类,但各国的划分不尽一致。我国的三次产业划分是: |
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第一产业:农林牧渔业(包括农业、林业、畜牧业、渔业和农林牧渔服务业)。 |
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第二产业:工业(包括采掘工业、制造业、自来水、电力、蒸汽、热水、煤气)和建筑业。 |
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第三产业:除第一、第二产业以外的其他各业。 |
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18. 人口数 指一定时点、一定地区范围内的有生命的个人的总和。年度统计的年末人口数是指每年12月31日24时的常住人口数。不包括户籍不在本市的外来人数。 |
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19. 出生率(又称粗出生率) 指在一定时期内(通常为一年)出生的人数与同期平均人数(或期中人数)比率,一般用千分率表示。计算公式: |
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出生率=年出生人数/年平均人数×1000‰ |
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出生人数是指活产婴儿,即胎儿脱离母体时(不管怀孕月数),有过呼吸或其他生命现象。 |
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目前出生率的计算,在市级有公安的户籍口径、计生委的常住人口统计口径;国家、省级还有年度人口抽样调查公布口径等。本年鉴用的为公安口径出生数,包括补报往年出生数在内。 |
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年平均人数是年初、年底人口数的平均数,也可用年中人口数代替。 |
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20. 死亡率(又称粗死亡率) 指在一定时期内(通常为一年)一定地区的死亡人数与同期平均人数(或期中人数)之比,一般用千分率表示。计算公式: |
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死亡率=年死亡人数/年平均人数×1000‰ |
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21. 人口自然增长率 指在一定时期内(通常为一年)人口自然增加数(出生人数减死亡人数)与该时期内平均人数(或期中人数)之比,一般用行千分率表示。计算公式: |
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人口自然增长率=(本年出生人数-本年死亡人数)/年平均人数×1000‰ |
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人口自然增长率=人口出生率一人口死亡率 |
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22. 人口预期寿命 指在一定年龄组死亡率水平下,对某一确定的年龄日后平均还能继续生存的年数(或该年龄组未来的平均预期寿命)。 |
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23. 从业人员 指从事一定社会劳动并取得劳动报酬或经营收入的人员。包括:(1)国有、集体、其他经济类型中的全部在岗职工和其他从业人员(2)城镇私营及个体劳动者(3)农村社会劳动者。 |
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各单位的从业人员是指在各级国家机关、政党机关、社会团体及企业、事业单位中工作,取得工资或其他形式的劳动报酬的全部人员。包括:在岗职工、再就业的离退休人员、在各单位中工作的外方人员和港澳台方人员、兼职人员、借用的外单位人员和第二职业者。不包括离开本单位仍保留劳动关系的职工。 |
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24. 职 工 指在内资(国有、集体、股份合作、联营、有限责任公司、股份有限公司)单位、港澳台投资单位和外商投资单位及其附属机构工作,并由其支付工资的在岗人员以及不在岗但劳动关系在本单位的离岗人员。 |
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25. 在岗职工 指在本单位工作并由单位支付工资的人员,以及有工作岗位,但由于学习、病伤产假等原因暂未工作,仍由单位支付工资的人员。 |
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26. 离岗职工 指由于各种原因,已经离开本人的生产或工作岗位,并已不在本单位从事其他工作,但仍与用人单位保留劳动关系的职工。 |
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27. 从业人员劳动报酬 指各单位在一定时期内直接支付给本单位全部从业人员的劳动报酬总额。包括在岗职工工资总额和其他从业人员劳动报酬两部分。 |
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28. 在岗职工工资总额 指各单位在一定时期内直接支付给本单位全部在岗职工的劳动报酬总额。 |
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工资总额的计算原则应以直接支付给职工的全部劳动报酬为根据。各单位支付给职工的劳动报酬以及其他根据有关规定支付的工资,不论是计入成本的还是不计入成本的,不论是按国家规定列入计征奖金税项目的,还是未列入计征奖金税项目的,不论是以货币形式支付的还是以实物形式支付的,均包括在工资总额内。 |
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29. 职工平均工资 指各单位的职工(包括在岗职工和离开本单位仍保留劳动关系的职工)在一定时期内平均每人所得的货币工资额。它表明一定时期内职工工资收入高低程度,是反映职工工资水平的主要指标。计算公式为: |
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职工平均工资=报告期实际支付的全部职工工资总额/报告期全部职工平均人数 |
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30. 城镇登记失业人员 指在劳动年龄(16周岁至退休年龄)内,有劳动能力,有就业要求,处于无业状态,并在公共就业人才服务机构进行失业登记的城镇人员。 |
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31.居民消费价格指数 居民消费价格,指城乡居民支付生活消费品和服务项目消费的价格,是社会产品和服务项目的最终价格,同人民生活密切相关,在整个国民经济价格体系中具有极为重要的地位。居民消费价格指数,就是指反映一定时期内居民消费价格变动趋势和变动程度的相对数。 |
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32.商品零售价格指数 商品零售价格,指工业、商业、餐饮业和其他零售企业向城乡居民、机关团体出售生活消费品和办公用品的价格。商品零售价格指数,就是指反映一定时期内商品零售价格变动趋势和变动程度的相对数。 |
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33.服务项目价格指数 指居民非商品服务性支出的相对数。服务项目包括:电信费、邮费、交通费、洗理美容费、文娱费、学杂保育费、修理及其他服务费、医疗保险服务费8个大类。 |
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34.城镇居民家庭就业人口 指城镇居民从事社会劳动并取得劳动报酬或经营收入的人口。就业人口包括通过国家统筹规划和指导由劳动部门介绍就业,自愿组织起来就业和自谋职业等方式,在国有单位、集体单位、中外合资、中外合作、外资在华独资的企业事业单位和私营企业单位工作或从事个体劳动的有固定性职业或临时性职业的人口。被聘用或留用的离休人员也记入就业人口。它是反映城镇居民的就业情况,计算就业面、负担系数的资料之一。 |
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35. 城镇居民家庭总收入 指调查户中生活在一起的所有家庭成员在调查期得到的工薪收入、经营净收入、财产性收入、转移性收入的总和,不包括出售财物和借贷收入。收入以实际发生数额为准。无论收入是补发还是预发,只要是调查期得到的都应如实计算,不作分摊。 |
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财产性收入指家庭拥有的动产(如银行存款、有价证券)、不动产(如房屋、车辆、土地、收藏品等)所获得的收入。包括出让财产使用权所获得的利息、租金、专利收入;财产营运所获得的红利收入、财产增值收益等。 |
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转移性收入指国家、单位、社会团体对居民家庭的各种转移支付和居民家庭间的收入转移。包括政府对个人收入转移的离退休金、失业救济金、赔偿等;单位对个人收入转移的辞退金、保险索赔、住房公积金、家庭间的赠送和赡养等。 |
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36. 城镇居民家庭可支配收入 指调查户可用于最终消费支出和其他非义务性支出以及储蓄的总和,即居民家庭可用于自由支配的收入。计算公式为:可支配收入=家庭总收入-交纳个人所得税-个人交纳的社会保障支出记帐补贴。 |
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37. 家庭总支出
指家庭除借贷支出以外的全部实际支出。包括消费性支出、购房建房支出、转移性支出、财产性支出、社会保障支出。支出统计是以实际购得的商品或服务的总价值填报,不论其付款方式是一次性付清、分期付款,还是赊购,只要商品或服务已被消费就要按其总价值计量。如果采用分期付款或赊购形式,则要在借贷收入类相应的项目填入实付款与总的应付款的差额。 |
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38. 城镇居民家庭消费支出 指被调查的城镇居民家庭用于日常生活的全部支出,包括食品、衣着、家庭设备用品及服务、医疗保健、交通和通信、教育文化娱乐服务、居住、杂项商品和服务八大类。包括用于赠送的商品或服务。 |
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39. 农村居民家庭纯收入 指农村常住居民家庭总收入中,扣除从事生产和非生产经营费用支出、缴纳税款和上交承包集体任务金额以后剩余的,可直接用于进行生产性、非生产性建设投资、生活消费和积蓄的那一部分收入。它是反映农民家庭实际收入水平的综合性主要指标。农民家庭纯收入,既包括从事生产性和非生产性的经营收入,又包括取自在外人口寄回带回和国家财政救济、各种补贴等非经营性收入,还包括自产自用的实物收入。但不包括向银行、信用社和向亲友借款等属于借贷性的收入。 |
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40. 农村居民家庭整半劳动力
指农村常住居民家庭成员中有劳动能力并经常参加实际劳动的人员。是生产的基本要素指标之一,是发展生产增加农民家庭收入的重要源泉。按规定,农村男18周岁至50周岁、女18周岁至45周岁为整劳动力;男16周岁到17周岁、51周岁到60周岁,女16周岁到17周岁、46周岁至55周岁为半劳动力。农民家庭整半劳动力,既包括在上述规定劳动年龄内和劳动年龄以外有劳动能力并经常参加实际劳动的男女整半劳动力,也包括农民家庭常住人员中属于职工的劳动力。但不包括在劳动年龄内已丧失劳动能力的人员。 |
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41. 农村居民家庭生活消费支出
指农村常住居民家庭年内用于日常生活的全部开支。它是用来反映和研究农民家庭实际生活消费水平高低的重要指标。包括用于吃、穿、住、烧、用等生活消费品开支和文 |
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42. 全社会固定资产投资 固定资产投资是社会固定资产再生产的主要手段。固定资产投资额是以货币表现的建造和购置固定资产活动的工作量,它是反映固定资产投资规模、速度、比例关系和使用方向的综合性指标。全社会固定资产投资包括各种经济类型的投资,其投资总额分为:城镇投资、房地产开发投资、农村投资。 |
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43. 房地产开发投资 指各种登记注册类型的房地产开发公司、商品房建设公司及其他房地产开发单位统一开发的包括统代建、拆迁还建的住宅、厂房、仓库、饭店、宾馆、度假村、写字楼、办公楼等房屋建筑物和配套的服务设施、土地开发工程(如道路、给水、排水、供电、供热、通讯、平整场地等基础设施工程)的投资。还包括非房地产企业实际从事房地产开发或经营活动,不包括单纯的土地交易活动。 |
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44. 固定资产投资的资金来源 根据固定资产投资的资金来源不同,分为上年末结余资金、本年资金来源。其中本年资金来源又分为国家预算内资金、国内贷款、债券、利用外资、自筹资金和其他资金来源6种。 |
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45. 固定资产投资按构成分 固定资产投资活动按其工作内容和实现方式分为建筑工程,安装工程,设备、工具、器具购置,其他费用4个部分。 |
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46. 新增固定资产 指通过投资活动所形成的新的固定资产价值。包括已经建成投入生产或交付使用的工程价值和达到固定资产标准的设备、工具、器具的价值及有关应摊入的费用。它是以价值形式表示的固定资产投资成果的综合性指标,可以综合反映不同时期、不同部门、不同地区的固定资产投资成果。 |
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47. 固定资产交付使用率
指在一定时期所增固定资产与同期完成投资额的比率。它是反映各个时期固定资产动用速度,衡量建设过程中投资改革的一个综合性指标。 |
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48. 施工项目
指报告期内曾进行建筑或安装工程施工活动的建设项目。包括报告期内新开工项目、报告期以前开工跨入报告期继续施工的项目以及报告期施过工并在报告期内全部建成投产或停缓建的项目。 |
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49. 全部建成投产项目
工业项目是指设计文件规定形成生产能力的主体工程及其相应配套的辅助设施全部建成,经负荷试运转,证明具备生产设计规定合格产品的条件,并经过验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,与生产性工程配套的生产福利设施可以满足近期正常生产的需要,正式移交生产的建设项目。非工业项目是指设计文件规定的主体工程和相应的配套工程全部建成,能够发挥设计规定的全部效益,经验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,正式移交使用的建设项目。 |
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50. 房屋建筑面积
指从房屋外墙线算起的各层平面面积的总和,包括房屋结构(如柱、墙)占用的面积和地下室面积。多层建筑按各自然层面积总和计算,包括房屋内的楼隔层、突出墙面的眺望间、门斗、有柱雨罩的面积。不包括突出墙面结构的构件、艺术装饰等所占的面积,如台阶等。凹阳台,挑阳台按其水平投影面积一半计算建筑面积。 |
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51. 房屋施工面积 指在报告期内施工的全部房屋(包括地下室、半地下室以及配套房屋)建筑面积。包括本期新开工的面积和上年开工跨入本期继续施工的房屋面积,以及上期已停建在本期恢复施工的房屋面积。本期竣工和本期施工后又停建缓建的房屋面积仍包括在施工面积中,多层建筑应填各层建筑面积之和。 |
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52. 房屋竣工面积 指在报告期内房屋建筑按照设计要求已全部完工,达到住人和使用条件,经验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准,可正式移交使用的各栋房屋建筑面积的总和。 |
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53. 住宅面积 指施工和竣工房屋建筑面积中供居住用的施工房屋建筑面积。 |
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54. 农林牧渔业总产值 是以货币表现的农、林、牧、渔业全部产品的总量和对农林牧渔业生产活动进行的各种支持性服务活动的价值。它反映一定时期内农林牧渔业生产的总规模和总成果。农、林、牧、渔业的统 |
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(1)农业 包括农作物种植业和其他农业。 |
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农作物种植业包括谷物、豆类、薯类、棉花、油料、糖料、麻类、烟叶、蔬菜、药材、瓜类和其他农作物的种植以及茶园、桑园、果园的生产经营。 |
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其他农业包括采集野生植物的果实、纤维、树胶、树脂、油料以及柴草、野生药材、菌类等及农民家庭兼营的商品性工业。 |
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(2)林业 包括林木的栽培(不包括茶园、桑园和果园的栽培、管理和收获等活动)、林产品的采集和村及村以下合作经济组织和农户的竹木采伐。 |
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(3)牧业 包括除渔业养殖以外的一切动物饲养和放牧以及野生动物的捕猎和饲养。 |
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(4)渔业 包括水生动物和海藻类植物的养殖和捕捞。 |
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(5)农林牧渔服务业 包括灌溉服务、农产品初级加工服务、其他农业服务、林业服务、兽医服务、其他畜牧服务、渔业服务业等。 |
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55. 粮食产量 指全社会的粮食产量。包括国有经济经营的、集体统一经营的和农民家庭经营的粮食产量,还包括工矿企业家属办的农场和其他生产单位的产量。粮食除包括稻谷、小麦、玉米、高梁、谷子及其他杂粮外,还包括薯类和大豆。薯类以块根重量按五公斤折一公斤计算。 |
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56. 油料产量 指全部油料作物的生产量。包括花生、油菜籽、芝麻、向日葵籽、胡麻籽(亚麻籽)和其他油料。不包括大豆,也不包括木本油料和野生油料。花生以带壳干花生计算。 |
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57. 水产品产量 指人工养殖的水产品和天然生长的水产品捕捞量,包括海水的鱼类、虾蟹类、贝类和藻类以及内陆水域的鱼类、虾蟹类和贝类,不包括淡水生植物。 |
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58. 猪、牛、羊肉产量 指当年出栏并已屠宰后除去头蹄下水后带骨肉的重量(即胴体重)。 |
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59. 耕地面积 指可以用来种植农作物、经常进行耕锄的田地,除包括熟地、当年新开荒地、连续撂荒未满三年的耕地和当年的休闲地(轮歇地)外,还包括以种植农作物为主并附带种植桑树、茶树、果树和其他林木的土地,以及沿海、沿湖地区已围垦利用的“海涂”、“湖田”等面积。但不包括属于专业性的桑园、茶园、果园、果木苗圃、林地、芦苇地、天然或人工草地面积。 |
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60. 农作物播种面积 指实际播种或移植有农作物的面积。凡是实际种植有农作物的面积,不论种植在耕地上还是种植在非耕地上,均包括在农作物播种面积中,同时还包括因遭灾而重新改种和补种的农作物面积,种一公顷算一公顷。 |
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61. 有效灌溉面积 指具有一定的水源,地块比较平稳,灌溉工程或设备已经配套,在一般年景下当年能够进行正常灌溉耕地面积。在一般情况下,该面积应等于灌溉工程或设备已经配套,能够进行正常灌溉的水田和水源地面积之和。 |
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62. 农用化肥使用量 指本年内实际用于农业生产的化肥数量,包括氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和复合肥。并要求按折纯量计算数量。折纯量指氮肥、磷肥、钾肥分别按氮、五氧化二磷、钾的100%成分进行折纯后的数量,复合肥按其所含主要成分折算的。 |
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63. 农业机械总劳动力 指主要用于农、林、牧、渔业的各种动力机械的动力总和。包括耕作机械、排灌机械、收获机械、农产品加工机械、运输机械、植物保护机械、牧业机械、林业机械、渔业机械和其他农业机械[内燃机按引擎马力折成瓦(特)计算,电动机按功率折成瓦(特)计算]。不包括专门用于乡、镇、村、组办工业、基本建设、非农业运输、科学试验和教学等非农业生产方面用的动力机械与作业机械。但从事农副产品初级加工的村户工业的机械动力统计在内。 |
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64. 期初(末)畜禽存栏数 指本期期初(末)农村各种合作经济组织和国营农场、农民个人、机关、团体、学校、工矿企业、部队等单位以及城镇居民饲养的大牲畜、猪、羊、家禽等畜禽的存栏数。从1997年起,猪及家禽调查方法,由全面调查改为抽样调查。 |
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65. 工 业 指从事自然资源的开采,对采掘品和农产品进行加工和再加工的物质生产部门。具体包括: ⑴ 对自然资源的开采,如采矿、晒盐、森林采伐等(但不包括禽兽捕猎和水产捕捞);⑵ 对农副产品的加工、再加工,如粮油加工、食品加工、轧花、缫丝、纺织、制革等;⑶
对采掘品的加工、再加工,如炼铁、炼钢、化工生产、石油加工、机器制造、木材加工等,以及电力、自来水、煤气的生产和供应等;⑷ 对工业品的修理、翻新,如机器设备的修理、交通运输工具(包括小卧车)的修理等。 |
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66. 轻工业 指主要提供生活消费品和制作手工工具的工业。按其所使用的原料不同,可分为两大类:⑴ 以农产品为原料的轻工业,是指直接或间接以农产品为基本原料的轻工业。主要包括食品制造、饮料制造、烟草加工、纺织、缝纫、皮革和毛皮制作、造纸以及印刷等工业;⑵
以非农产品为原料的轻工业,是指以工业品为原料的轻工业。主要包括文教体育用品、化学制品制造、合成纤维制造、日用化学制品、日用玻璃制品、日用金属制品、手工工具制造、医疗器械制造、文化和办公用机械制造等工业。 |
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67. 重工业 指为国民经济各部门提供物质技术基础的主要生产资料的工业。按其生产性质和产品用途,可以分为下列三类:⑴ 采掘(伐)工业,是指对自然资源的开采,包括石油开采、煤炭开采、金属矿开采、非金属矿开采和木材采伐等工业;⑵
原材料工业,是指向国民经济各部门提供基本材料、动力和燃料的工业。包括金属冶炼及加工、炼焦及焦炭化学、化工原料、水泥、人造板以及电力、石油和煤炭加工等工业;⑶
加工工业,是指对工业原材料进行再加工制造的工业。包括装备国民经济各部门的机械设备制造工业、金属结构、水泥制品等工业,以及为农业提供的生产资料如化肥、农药等工业。 |
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根据上述划分原则,修理业中以重工业产品为修理作业对象的划为重工业,反之划为轻工业。 |
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68. 工业总产值 指以货币表现的工业企业在一定时期内生产的已出售或可供出售工业产品总量,反映一定时期内工业生产的总规模和总水平。包括:在本企业内不再进行加工,经检验、包装入库(规定不需包装的产品除外)的成品价值,加工费收入,自制半成品、在产品期末期初差额价值。工业总产值采用“工厂法”计算,即以工业企业作为一个整体,按企业工业生产活动的最终成果来计算,企业内部不允许重复计算,不能把企业内部各个车间(分厂)生产的成果相加。但在企业之间、行业之间、地区之间存在着重复计算。 |
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轻、重工业总产值的划分也是按“工厂法”计算的,即一个工业企业在正常情况下生产的主要产品的性质属于轻工业,则该企业的全部总产值作为轻工业总产值;一个工业企业生产的主要产品性质属于重工业,则该企业的全部总产值作为重工业总产值。 |
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69. 工业销售产值 指以货币表现的工业企业在一定时期内销售的本企业生产的工业产品总量。包括已销售的成品、半成品价值,对外提供的工业性作业价值和对本单位基本建设部门、生活福利部门等提供的产品和工业性作业及自制设备的价值。已销售的成品、半成品不论是本期生产的、还是上期生产的,只要是本期销售出去的均包括在内。对外提供的工业性作业是指企业按合同对外提供的工业性劳务。企业为本单位基本建设部门、生活福利部门等提供的产品和工业性作业及自制设备也应视同销售,这部分也作为销售统计。 |
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工业销售产值的计算范围、计算价格和计算方法与工业总产值一致,但两者计算的基础不同;工业销售产值计算的基础是产品销售总量,工业总产值计算的基础是工业产品生产总量。 |
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70. 工业增加值 指工业企业在报告期内以货币表现的工业生产活动的最终成果。工业增加值有两种计算方法:一是生产法,即工业总产出减去工业中间投入;二是收入法,即从收入的角度出发,根据生产要素在生产过程中应得到的收入份额计算,具体构成项目为固定资产折旧、劳动者报酬、生产税净额、营业盈余,这种方法也称要素分配法, |
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71. 实收资本 指企业实际收到的投资人投入的资本。按投资主体可分为国家资本、集体资本、法人资本、个人资本、港澳台资本和外商资本等。 |
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72. 总资产(资产合计) 指企业拥有或控制的能以货币计量的经济资源。包括各种财产、债权和其他权利。资产按其流动性划分为流动资产、长期资产、固定资产、无形、递延资产、其他资产。 |
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73. 流动资产 指企业可以在一年内或者超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或者耗用的资产合计。包括现金及各种存款、短期投资、应收及预付款项、存款等。 |
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74. 固定资产 指企业固定资产净值、固定资产清理、在建工程、待处理固定资产损失所占用的资金合计。 |
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75. 固定资产原价 指企业在建造、购置、安装、改建、扩建、技术改造某项固定资产时所支出的全部货币总额。它一般包括买价、包装费、运杂费和安装费等。 |
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76. 固定资产净值 是指固定资产原价减去历年已提折旧额后的净额。 |
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77. 无形资产 指企业长期使用而没有实物形态的资产。包括专利权、非专利技术、商标权、著作权土地使用权、商誉等。 |
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78. 总负债(负债合计) 指企业承担的能以货币计量,将以资产或劳务偿付的债务。负债一般按偿还期长短分为流动负债和长期负债、递延税项等。 |
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79. 流动负债 指企业在一年内或者超过一年的一个营业周期内需要偿还的债务合计,其中包括短期借款、应付及预收款项、应付工资、应交税金和应交利润等。 |
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80. 长期负债 指企业在一年以上或者超过一年的一个营业周期以上需要偿还的债务合计,其中包括长期借款、应付借款、长期应付款项等。 |
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81. 所有者权益
指企业投资人对企业净资产的所有权。企业净资产等于企业总资产减去总负债后的余额,其中包括投资者对企业的最初投入,以及资本公积金、盈余公积金和未分配利润,对股份制企业即为股东权益。 |
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82. 产品销售收入 指企业销售产品的销售收入和提供劳务等主要经营业务取得的收入总额。 |
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83. 产品销售税金及附加 指企业销售产品和提供工业性劳务等主要经营业务应负担的城市维护建设税、消费税、资源税和教育费附加。 |
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84. 利税总额 指企业产品销售税金及附加、应交增值税和利润总额之和。 |
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85. 工业成本费用利润率 该指标反映工业投入的生产成本及费用的经济效益,同时也反映企业降低成本所取得的经济效益。计算公式为: |
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工业成本费用利润率=利润总额/成本费用总额 |
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86. 工业增加值率 指在一定时期内工业增加值占同期工业总产值的比值,反映降低中间消耗的经济效益。计算公式为: |
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工业增加值率=(现价工业增加值/现价工业总产值)×100% |
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87. 流动资产周转次数 指在一定时期内流动资产完成的周转次数,反映流动资产的周转速度。计算公式为: |
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流动资产周转次数=产品销售收入/全部流动资产平均余额 |
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88. 产品销售率 该指标反映工业产品已实现销售的程度,是分析工业产销衔接情况、研究工业产品满足社会需求的指标。计算公式为: |
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工业产品销售率=(现价工业销售产值/现价工业总产值) ×100% |
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89. 全员劳动生产率 指根据产品的价值量指标计算的平均每一个从业人员在单位时间内的产品生产量。是考核企业经济活动的重要指标,是企业生产技术水平、经营管理水平、职工技术熟练程度和劳动积极性的综合表现。目前我国的全员劳动生产率是将工业企业的工业增加值除以同一时期全部从业人员的平均人数来计算的。计算公式为: |
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全员劳动生产率=工业增加值/全部职工平均人数 |
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90. 建筑业总产值 是以货币表现的建筑业企业在一定时期内生产的建筑业产品和服务的总和。建筑业总产值包括三部份内容: |
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①建筑工程产值:指列入建筑工程预算内的各种工程价值。 |
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②设备安装工程产值:指设备安装工程价值。 |
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③其他产值:指房屋构筑物修理产值、非标准设备制造产值、总包企业向分包企业收取的管理费以及不能明确划分的施工活动所完成的产值。 |
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91.竣工产值 一般是以单位工程为对象,当该工程按照设计所规定的工程内容全部完成,达到了设计规定的交工条件,经有关部门检查验收鉴定合格的单位工程价值工程,即为竣工产值。竣工产值包括范围应是报告期内竣工单位工程从开工到竣工的全部自行完成的价值,如果一个单位工程跨两个年度施工,其竣工价值应当包括上年度完成的价值。有些大型单位工程,如大型厂房、高级宾馆、各种管道、公路、铁路等,能够分跨、分层、分段施工并按合同规定,能够分开交付使用的,可以分开计算竣工产值。竣工产值不包括附属辅助企业或内部核算的其他单位为外单位生产和服务的价值。 |
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92.房屋建筑施工面积 指报告期内施过工的全部房屋建筑面积,它包括本期新开工的面积、上期跨入本期继续施工的房屋面积、上期停缓建在本期恢复工的房屋面积、本期竣工的房屋面积以及本期施工后又停缓建的 |
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93.房屋建筑竣工面积 指在报告期内房屋建筑按照设计要求已全部完工,达到了使用条件,经检查验收鉴定合格的房屋建筑面积。计算房屋竣工面积,必须严格执行房屋竣工验收标准。对民用建筑来讲,一般应按设计要求在土建工程和房屋本身附属的水、卫、气、暖等工程已经完工,通风、电梯等设备已安装完毕,做到水通、灯亮、经验收鉴定合格,并正式交付使用单位后,才能计算竣工面积。对于工业及科研单位等生产性房屋建筑:一般应按设计要求在土建工程(包括水、暖、电、卫、通风)及属于房屋组成部分的生活间、操作间等已经完成,经验收合格后才计算竣工面积。只差安装工艺设备、管线工程的亦可以计算竣工面积。 |
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94. 自有机械设备年底总台数
指归本企业(或单位)所有,属于本企业固定资产的生产性机械设备年末总台数。包括施工机械、生产设备、运输设备以及其他设备。 |
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95. 自有施工机械设备年底总功率
指本企业(或单位)自有施工机械、生产设备、运输设备以及其他设备等列为在册固定资产的生产性机械设备年末总功率,按设定能力或查定能力计算。包括机械本身的动力和为该机械服务的单独动力设备,如电动机等。计量单位用千瓦,动力换算可按 l马力=0.735千瓦折合成千瓦数。电焊机、变压器、锅炉不计算动力。 |
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96. 工程结算收入
指企业(或单位)按承包工程实现的工程价款结算收入,以及向发包单位收取的除工程价款以外的按规定列作营业收入的各种款项,如临时设施费、劳动保险费、施工机械调迁费等以及向发包单位收取的各种索赔款。 |
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97. 工程结算利润
指已结算工程实现的利润。如为亏损以“-”号表示。其计算公式为: |
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工程结算利润=工程结算收入-工程结算成本-工程结算税金及附加索赔款。 |
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98. 公路里程 指在一定时期内实际达到《公路工程技术标准JTJ0l─88》规定的等级公路,并经公路主管部门正式验收交付使用的公路里程数。其计算单位为:KM。它包括大中城市的郊区公路以及通过小城镇街道部分的公路里程,也包括桥梁、渡口的长度,但不包括大中城市的街道、厂矿、林区生产用道和农业生产用道的里程。两条或多条公路共同经由同一路段,只计算一次,不得重复计算里程长度。公路里程是反映公路建设发展规模的重要指标,也是计算运输网密度等指标的基础资料。 |
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99. 内河航道里程 也称“内河通航里程”,是反映内河水运网规模、水平和发展情况的主要指标,是指在一定时期内,能通航运输船舶及排筏的天然河流、湖泊水库、运河及通航渠道的长度。包括全年季节性通航累计三个月以上的航道,但不包括仅供零散流放竹、木排的河道。 |
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100. 货(客)运量 指在一定时期内,各运输部门实际运送的货物(旅客)数量。是反映运输业为国民经济和人民生活服务的数量指标,也是制定和检查运输生产计划,研究运输发展规模和速度的重要指标。货运按吨计算,客运按人计算。货物不论运输距离长短,货物类别,均按实际重量统计;旅客不论行程远近或票价多少,均按一人一次作为客运量统计。半价票、小孩票也按一人统计。 |
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101. 货物(旅客)周转量 指在一定时期内,由各种运输工具运送的货物(旅客)数量与其相应运输距离的乘积之总和,是反映运输业生产总成果的重要指标,也是编制和检查运输生产计划,计算运输效率、劳动生产率以及核算运输单位成本的主要基础资料。通常以吨公里和人公里为计算单位。计算货物周转量通常按发出站与到达站之间的最短距离,也就是计费距离计算。 |
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102. 邮电业务总量 指以价值量形式表现的邮电通信企业为社会提供各类邮电通信服务的总数量。邮电业务量按专业分类包括函件、包件、汇票、报刊发行、邮政快件、特快专递、集邮、固定电话、出租电路、移动电话、分组交换数据通信、出租代维等。计算方法为各类产品乘以相应的平均单价(不变价)之和,再加上出租电路和设备、代用户维护电话交换机和线路等的服务收入。 |
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103. 移动电话用户 是指通过移动电话交换机进入移动电话网、占用移动电话号码的电话用户。用户数量以报告期末在移动电话营业部门实际办理登记手续进入移动电话网的户数进行计算,一部移动电话统计为一户 |
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104. 英特网用户数 指办理登记手续且已接入国际互联网的用户数,包括局域网、城域网和广域网,包括拨号上网用户和专线上网用户。 |
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105. 社会消费品零售总额 指各种经济类型的批发零售贸易业、住宿餐饮业和其他行业对城乡居民和社会集团的消费品零售额总和。这个指标反映通过各种商品流通渠道向居民和社会集团供应的生活消费品来满足他们生活需要,是研究人民生活、社会消费品购买力、货币流通等问题的重要指标。 |
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106. 批发零售贸易业 指不直接从事商品的生产,而是从工农业生产者或从商品流通企业购进商品,不做任何加工,或只做简单的加工(如清洗、整理、分类、包装等),通过转卖以获取经济利益的单位。 |
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107.住宿业 指有偿为顾客提供临时住宿的服务活动。 |
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108. 餐饮业
指在一定的场所内,以烹饪、调制等手段,向购买者提供各种主要供现场消费的食品、饮料,并且所提供的这种服务要大于所提供的其他服务(如娱乐)的单位。 |
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109. 限额以上批发企业 指年主营业务收入在2000万元及以上的批发贸易企业。 |
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110. 限额以上零售企业 指年主营业务收入在500万元及以上的零售企业。 |
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111. 限额以上餐饮企业 指年主营业务收入在200万元及以上的餐饮企业。 |
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112. 商品销售总额 指对本企业以外的单位和个人出售的商品(包括售给本单位消费用的商品)金额。这个指标反映批发零售贸易企业在国内市场上销售商品以及出口商品的总量。包括:(1)售给城乡居民和社会集团消费的商品;(2)售给工业、农业等各行业作为生产、经营使用的商品;(3)售给批发零售贸易业作为转卖或加工后转卖的商品;(4)对国(境)外直接出口的商品。 |
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113. 商品交易市场成交额 指在消费品市场与生产资料市场买卖双方(包括农民、非农业居民、机关、团体、工商企业、个体商贩)成交的全部商品金额,是反映商品交易市场规模的综合性指标。 |
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114. 私营企业注册资本
指私营企业办理开业登记,或变更登记时核准的资金数,不包括银行贷款。 |
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115. 个体工商业户数
指已经领取《营业执照》或《临时营业执照》的个体工商户的数量。 |
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116. 个体工商业从业人员 指经过工商行政管理部门核准的、参加经营活动并领取报酬的所有人员,包括个体经营者本人、帮手、学徒等。 |
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117. 个体工商业注册资金
指申请登记或变更登记时核准的资金。 |
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118. 利用外资 指我国各级政府、部门、企业和其他经济组织通过对外借款、吸收外商直接投资以及用其他方式筹措的境外现汇、设备、技术等。 |
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119. 外商直接投资 是指外国企业和经济组织或个人(包括华侨、港澳台胞以及我国在境外注册的企业)按我国有关政策、法规,用现汇、实物、技术等在中国大陆开办外商独资企业、与中国大陆的企业或经济组织共同举办中外合资经营企业、合作经营企业或者合作开发资源的投资(包括外商投资收益的再投资)以及经政府有关部门批准的项目投资总额内,企业从境外借入的资金。 |
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120. 对外承包工程 包括各对外承包公司以招标议标承包方式承揽的下列业务(1)承包国外工程建设项目。(2)承包我国对外经援项目。(3)承包我国驻外机构的工程建设项目。(4)与外国承包公司合营或联合承包工程项目时我国公司分包部分。(5)以服务成果向业主收费的技术服务项目(包括承担地形地貌测绘;地质资源勘探与普查;建设区域规划;提供设计文件、图纸、生产工艺技术资料和工程技术经济咨询;工程项目的可行性考察、研究和评估;进行技术指导和培训人员等)。(6)对外承包兼营的房屋开发业务。对外承包工程的营业额是以货币表现的本期内完成的对外承包工程的工作量,包括以前年度签订的合同和本年度新签订的合同在报告期完成的工作量。 |
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121. 对外劳务合作 指以收取工资的形式向业主或承包商提供技术和劳动服务的活动。我国对外承包公司在境外开办的合营企业,中国公司同时又提供劳务的,其劳务部分也纳入劳务合作统计。劳务合作营业额按报告期内向雇主提交的结算数(包括工资、加班费和奖金等)统计。 |
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122. 国际旅游人数 指来中国大陆参观、访问、旅行、探亲、访友、休养、考察、参加会议和从事经济、科技、文化、教育、体育、宗教等活动的外国人、华侨、港澳和台湾同胞的人数。不包括外国在我国的常驻机构,如使领馆、通讯社、企业办事处的工作人员;来我国常住的外国专家、留学生以及在岸逗留不过夜人员。 |
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123. 全社会用电量 指全年用电的总量,按用户的用电性质分为:“农村用电”、工业用电”、“交通运输用电”和“城乡居民生活用电”等,各类用电中均包括电力企业售给本市用户的电量、自备电厂自发自用电量(包括余热发电量)和自备电厂售给附近用户的电量以及趸售电量。 |
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124. 工业企业能源消费量 指工业企业在生产过程中作为燃料、原材料、动力、辅助材料使用的能源、工艺用能及非生产用能。 |
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125. 财政总收入 指国家财政参与社会产品分配所取得的收入,包括一般预算收入和基金预算收入。一般预算收入主要包括: |
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(1)各项税收,包括增值税、消费税、营业税、企业所得税、个人所得税、资源税、固定资产投资方向调节税、城市维护建设税、房产税、印花税、土地增值税、城镇土地使用税、关税、契税和耕地占用税等。 |
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(2)行政性收费收入,指按规定纳入预算管理的行政性收费收入。 |
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(3)专项收入,包括排污费收入、水资源费收入、教育费附加收入等。 |
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(4)其他收入,包括基本建设贷款归还收入、基本建设收入、捐赠收入等。基金预算收入主要包括工业交通部门基金收入、社会保险基金收入、土地有偿使用收入、政府住房基金收入等。 |
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126. 财政支出 指国家财政将筹集起来的资金进行分配使用的数额。以满足经济建设和各项事业的需要,主要包括: |
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(1)一般公共服务:反映政府提供一般公共服务的支出。 |
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(2)国防:反映政府用于现役部队、国防后备力量、国防动员等方面的支出。 |
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(3)公共安全:反映政府维护社会公共安全方面的支出。 |
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(4)教育:反映政府教育事务支出。 |
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(5)科学技术:反映用于科学技术方面的支出。 |
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(6)文化体育与传媒:反映政府在文化、文物、体育、广播影视、新闻出版等方面的支出。 |
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(7)社会保障和就业:反映政府在社会保障与就业方面的支出。 |
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(8)医疗卫生:反映政府医疗卫生方面的支出。 |
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(9)环境保护:反映政府环境保护支出。 |
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(10)城乡社区事务:反映政府城乡社区事务支出。 |
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(11)农林水事务:反映政府农林水事务支出。 |
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(12)交通运输:反映政府交通运输方面的支出。 |
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(13)工业商业金融等事务:反映政府工业、商业、金融等事务支出。 |
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(14)其他支出:反映不能划分到上述功能科目的其他政府支出。 |
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127. 中央财政收入和地方财政收入 指按财政体制划分的中央本级收入和地方本级收入。1994年税制及财政体制改革以后,属于中央财政的收入包括关税,消费税,海关代征的进口货物增值税,铁路运输企业、国有银行、国有邮政企业所得税,铁道营业税,金融保险营业税(中央),海洋石油资源税,车辆购置税(费)等;属于地方一般预算的收入包括一般营业税,固定资产投资方向调节税,房产税,城镇土地使用税,土地增值税,车船使用税,屠宰税,耕地占用税,契税等;属于中央和地方共享的收入主要有:增值税,企业所得税,城市维护建设税,个人所得税,印花税等。需要指出的是,由于近几年来中央收入和地方收入的分配方式、比例发生了较大的调整,因此,历年的数据不完全可比。 |
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128. 存 款 指企业、机关、团体或居民根据可以收回的原则,把货币资金存入银行或其他信用机构保管并取得一定利息的一种信用活动形式。根据存款对象的不同可划分为企业存款、财政存款、机关团体存款、基本建设存款、城镇储蓄存款、农村存款等项目。它是银行信贷资金的主要来源。 |
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129. 城乡储蓄存款余额 城乡储蓄存款,包括城镇居民储蓄存款和农民个人储蓄存款两部分,不包括居民的手存现金和工矿企业、部队、机关团体等集团存款。城乡居民储蓄存款余额指城乡居民存入银行及农村信用社储蓄的时点数(存入数扣除取出数的余额),如月末、季末或年末数额。 |
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130. 贷 款 指银行或其他信用机构根据必须归还的原则,按一定利率,为企业、个人等提供资金的一种信用活动形式。我国银行贷款,分流动资金贷款、固定资产贷款、城乡个体工商户贷款以及农户贷款等科目。 |
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131. 承保额(保险金额) 指保险人对被保险人负担损失补偿或约定给付的金额。它是保险合同上的最高责任额,也是计算保费的依据。 |
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132. 保费(保险费) 指保险人根据保险合同的有关规定,为被保险人取得因约定危险事故发生所造成的经济损失补偿(或给付)权利,付给保险人的代价。 |
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133. 保险赔款 指保险事故发生后,经查证确属保险责任范围以内的保险标的损失,保险人根据保险合同的规定履行赔偿义务,给予被保险人的款项。 |
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134.景气指数 亦称景气度,是对企业景气调查中的定性指标通过定量方法加工汇总,综合反映某一特定调查群体或某一社会经济现象所处的状态或发展趋势的一种指标,景气指数的数值介于0和200之间,100为景气指数的临界值。当景气指数大于100时,表明经济状况趋于上升或改善,处于景气状态,越接近200状态越好;当景气指数小于100时,表明经济状况趋于下降或恶化,处于不景气状态,越接近0状态越差。 |
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135.企业景气指数 亦称企业综合生产经营景气指数,是根据企业家对本企业综合生产经营情况的判断与预期(通常为对“好”、“一般”、“不佳”的选择)而编制的景气指数,用以综合反映企业的生产经营状况。 |
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136.企业家信心指数 亦称宏观经济景气指数,是根据企业家对企业对外部市场经济环境与宏观政策的认识、看法、判断与预期(通常为对“乐观”、“一般”、“不乐观”的选择)而编制的指数,用以综合反映企业家 |
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137. 年底实有铺装道路长度 指除土路外,路面经过铺装宽度在3.5米以上的道路,包括高级、次高级道路和普通道路。 |
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138. 城市桥梁 指城市范围内,修建在河道上的桥梁和道路与道路立交、道路跨越铁路的立交桥,以及人行天桥。包括永久性桥和半永久性桥,不包括临时性桥、铁路桥、涵洞。 |
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139. 城市下水道总长度 指所有排水总管、干管、支管及暗渠、检查井、连接井进出水口等长度之和。 |
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140. 城市污水日处理能力 指污水处理厂每昼夜处理污水量的设计能力。 |
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141. 城市园林绿地面积 指城市公共绿地、专用绿地、生产绿地、防护绿地、郊区风景名胜区的全部面积。 |
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142. 公园绿地
指城市中向公众开放的、以游憩为主要功能,有一定的游憩设施和服务设施,同时兼有健全生态、美化景观、防灾减灾等综合作用的绿化用地。 |
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143. 年底自来水生产能力 指年底城建部门管理的自来水厂和自备水源的社会单位取水、净化、送水、出厂输水干管等环节的实际生产能力。 |
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144. 年底实有公共汽车 指年底可参加营运的全部车辆数,包括年底营运车辆和库存查封未参加营运的车辆,不包括非营运车辆,如架线车、油罐车、工程车、货车及其他专用车辆和借入的客运车辆。 |
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145. 营运线路长度 指设置的固定营运的线路长度,包括郊区营运线路长度。不包括临时行驶的线路长度。 |
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146. 年底供水管道长度 指从送水泵到用户水表之间所有管道的长度。 |
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147. 全年供水总量
指公用自来水厂和自备水源的社会单位全年的供水总量,包括有效供水量及损失水量。 |
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148. 生活用水量 指居民日常生活与公共福利设施的用水量。包括居民、饮食店、旅馆、医院、理发店、浴池、洗衣店、游泳池、商店、学校、机关、部队等单位的用水量。 |
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149. 城市人口用水普及率 指城市用水的非农业人口数(不包括临时人口和流动人口)与城市非农业人口总数之比,计算公式: |
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用水普及率=城市用水的非农业人口数/城市非农业人口数×100% |
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150. 输气管道长度 指由压缩机、鼓风机、储气罐的出口到用户立管之间的全部管道长度。 |
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151. 全年供气总量 指全年售给各类用户的全部煤气量。包括工业用量、家庭用量和其他用量。 |
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152. 城市用气普及率 指使用煤气(包括人工煤气、液化石油气、天然气)的城市非农业人口数(不包括临时人口和流动人口)与城市非农业人口总数之比。计算公式: |
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城市用气普及率=城市用气的非农业人口数/城市非农业人口数×100% |
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153. 废水排放总量 指生产废水和生活污水的排放总量。生产废水指企、事业单位在生产、科研过程中向外排放的所有排放口的废水量总和。生活污水指城镇居民区和企、事业单位职工集中居住区排放的污水量。 |
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154. 工业废水排放总量 指经过工业企业厂区所有排放口排到企业外部的工业废水量。包括外排的直接冷却水、超标排放的矿井地下水和与工业废水混排的厂区生活污水,不包括外排的间接冷却水(清污不分流的间接冷却水应计算在内)。 |
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155. 工业废水排放达标量 指全面达到国家、地方排放标准的外排工业废水量。包括经过处理后达标外排的和未经处理达标外排的两部分工业废水。国家排放标准见国标(GB8978—88)。 |
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156. 废气排放总量 指燃料燃烧和生产工艺过程中排放的各种废气总量,以标准状态下每年万标立方米表示。 |
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157. 工业固体废物综合利用量 指已用作农业肥料、造田、生产建筑材料、筑路以及其他方式综合利用的固体废物量(包括当年利用往年的工业固体废物堆存量)。综合利用量由原产固体废物的单位统计。 |
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158. 工业固体废物处置量
指以符合环境保护要求的方式将固体废物放置在不再回取的场所的固体废物量,如填埋、焚烧、经封场处理的专业贮存场(库)、深层灌注、回填矿井等(包括当年处置往年的堆存量)。 |
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159. 工业粉尘排放量 指工业企业在生产工艺过程中排放的固体微粒总重量。如钢铁企业的耐火材料粉尘、焦化企业的筛焦系统粉尘、烧结机的粉尘、石灰窑的粉尘、建材企业的水泥粉尘等。不包括电厂排入大气的烟尘。 |
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160. R & D 是“研究与发展”(Reseach and development)的英文缩写。其含义是指在科学技术领域(包括自然科学、农业科学、医药科学、工程与技术科学、人文与社会科学领域),为了增加知识的总量,以及运用这些知识而进行的系统的、创造性的活动。R&D包括基础研究、应用研究、试验发展三类活动。 |
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161. 独立研究与开发机构 指有明确的任务和研究方向,有一定学术水平的业务骨干和一定数量的研究人员,具有研究、开发、开展学术工作的基本条件,主要进行科学研究与技术开发活动,并且在行政上有独立的组织形式,财务上独立核算盈亏,有权与其他单位签订合同,在银行有单独户头的单位。 |
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162. 科学家和工程师 指具有大学本科以上学历的人员和不具备上述学历但已评定为高、中级职称的人员。 |
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163. 独立研究与开发机构职工 指在科学研究与技术开发机构工作,并由其支付工资的各种人员。包括长期职工和临时职工,不包括编制以外的离休、退休人员和停薪留职人员,但包括招聘人员。 |
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164. 研究与发展经费支出 指报告期内用于研究与实验发展课题活动(基础研究、应用研究、实验发展)的全部实际支出。包括用于研究与发展课题活动的直接支出,还包括间接用于研究与发展活动的一切支出。 |
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165. 发 明 专利法及其实施细则所称的发明是指对有关产品、方法或其改进所提出的新的技术方案。 |
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166. 实用新型 专利法及其实施细则所称的实用新型是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案。 |
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167. 外观设计 专利法及其实施细则所称的外观设计是指对产品形状、图案、色彩或者其结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业上应用的新设计。 |
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168. 网上登记技术合同数 指本地区在全国技术合同网上登记系统中登记的技术合同数。 |
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169. 网上登记技术合同成交金额
指本地区在全国技术合同网上登记系统中登记的技术合同成交金额。 |
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170. 科技企业孵化器 是指以促进科技成果转化、培养高新技术企业和企业家为宗旨的科技创业服务机构。包括科技创业服务中心、大学科技园、归国留学人员创业园、软件园等综合型、专业技术型科技企业孵化器。 |
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171. 在孵企业总收入 指在统计年度内由孵化器孵化的企业所实现的技、工、贸等各种收入之和。 |
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172. 在孵企业从业人员 指本报告期末在孵化器孵化的企业的人员总数。 |
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173. 毕业企业 指经孵化器扶持,发展到一定规模后脱离孵化器实现独立发展的企业.。(毕业企业的数据仅按毕业时的数据累计,不进行跟踪) |
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174. 普通高等学校 是指按国家规定的设置标准和审批程序批准举办的,通过全国普通高等教育统一招生考试,招收高中毕业生为主要培养对象,实施高等学历教育的全日制大学、独立设置的学院和高等专科学校、高等职业学校及其他机构(独立学院和分校、大专班)。 |
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175. 成人高等学校 是指按国家规定的设置标准和审批程序批准举办的,通过全国成人高等教育统一招生考试,招收具有高中毕业或同等学历的人员为主要培养对象,利用函授、业余、脱产的多种形式对其实施高等学历教育的学校。包括:职工高等学校、农民高等学校、管理干部学院、教育学院、独立函授学院、广播电视大学、其他机构。 |
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176. 专任教师数 教师是指专职从事教学工作的人员,包括临时调去帮助做其他工作的人员,不包括调离教学岗位担负行政领导工作的原教学人员。 |
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177. 文化事业机构 指从事专业文化工作和为专业文化工作服务的独立建制的单独核算的单位。不包括这些单位另外举办独立核算的其他机构和各部门的业余文化组织。 |
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178. 艺术表演团体 指从事戏曲、音乐、舞蹈、杂技等专业艺术表演,有独立账户,实行单独核算的团体。不包括半工半艺、半农半艺的业余剧团。 |
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179. 艺术表演观众人数(人次) 指售票、包场演出或民族地区免费演出的艺术表演观众人次数。不包括彩排审查和内部观摩演出的观看人次数。 |
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180. 医 院 指名称为医院,设有固定床位能收容病人住院并能为病人提供医疗、护理服务的医疗机构。包括县及以上医院、其他医院两部分。按所属性质分为卫生部门、工业及其他部门、集体所有制单位3类。其中县及以上医院按业务性质分为综合医院和专科医院。 |
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181. 卫生技术人员 指卫生事业机构支付工资的全部固定职工和合同制职工中现任职务为卫生技术工作的专业人员。包括中医师、西医师、中西医结合高级医师、护师、中药师、西药师、检验师、其他技师、中医士、西医士、护士、助产士、中药剂士、西药剂士、检验士、其他技士、其他中医、护理员、中药剂员、西药剂员、检验员、其他初级卫生技术人员。 |
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182. 医 生 指经卫生部门审查合格,从事医疗工作的专业人员。分为中医医生和西医医生。包括卫生技术人员中的中医师、西医师、中西结合高级医师、中医士、西医士和其他中医。 |
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183. 等级运动员人数 指经考核正式批准授予等级运动员称号的人数。运动员等级分为国际级运动健将、运动健将、一级运动员、二级运动员。 |
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184. 等级裁判员人数 指经考核正式批准授予等级裁判员称号的人数。裁判员等级分为国际裁判、国家级裁判、一级裁判、二级裁判、三级裁判。 |
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185. 社会福利事业单位 指集中收养社会孤老、残、幼的机构。包括由民政部门管理的社会福利院、儿童福利院、精神病人福利院和城镇集体办的福利院,以及农村集体办的敬老院。 |
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186. 社会福利事业单位收养人数 指由民政部门管理的和城镇及农村集体举办的社会福利事业单位中收养的老人、少年儿童、缺乏生活自理能力的残疾人员和精神病人。 |
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187. 社会福利企业单位 指以安置城镇有一定劳动能力的盲、聋、哑和肢体残疾人员就业为目的,享受国家减免税待遇的国有或集体经济性质的企业。包括福利工厂、福利商品服务业、假肢厂和安置农场等单位。 |
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188. 律 师 指受聘参加法律顾问处工作,担任法律顾问、刑(民)事代理人、刑事辩护人,办理非诉讼事件、解答法律询问,代写法律事务文书等主要从事律师业务的专职法律工作者和兼职律师。 |
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189. 公证人员 指在国家公证机关依法办理公证事务的司法人员。包括公证员、助理公证员和在公证处工作的其他人员, |
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190. 办理公证文书 指公证处在一定时期内办结的公证文书件数。公证文书应按司法部规定或批准的格式制作。包括国内公证和涉外公证两部分。其中国内公证分为经济合同公证和民事法律关系公证两大类。 |
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191. 调解人员 指在人民调解委员会担负调解民间一般民事纠纷和轻微违法行为所引起的纠纷的工作人员。包括调解委员会的委员和调解小组的调解员。 |
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192. 调解民间纠纷 指调解委员会依照法律规定,根据自愿原则,用说服教育的方法调解民间发生的有关民事权利和义务的争执,促成当事双方达到协议和谅解,解决纠纷.包括婚姻家庭纠纷,财产权益纠纷等。不包括法院受理的纠纷案。 |
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Appendix7 Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators |
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1
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the final products of
all resident units in a country (or a region) during a certain period of
time. Gross domestic product is expressed in three different forms, i.e. value,
income, and products respectively. The form of value refers to the total
value of all products and services produced by all resident units during a
certain period of time minus total value of intimidate input of materials and
services of the nature of non-fixed assets or the summation of the
value-added of all resident units; the form of income includes all the income
created by all resident units and distributed primarily to all resident and
non-resident units; the form of products refers to the value of all final
goods and services for final use by all resident units plus the value of net
exports of goods and services during a given period of time. In the practice
of national accounting, gross domestic product is calculated with three
approaches, i.e. production approach, income approach, and expenditure
approach, which reflect gross domestic product and its composition from
different aspects. |
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2 Comparable
Prices refers to prices
that removed the factors of price change so as to exactly reflect the change
of aggregate when comparing the value of different periods. Two methods are
used for calculating comparable prices: 1. Multiplying the output of products
by their fixed prices of certain year; 2. Converting prices by relevant price
index. |
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3
Constant Price refers to the average price of a given
product in certain year, which is used for comparison of output value over time.
As the output value at constant prices removes the factor of price changes,
it reflects the trend of production development over time. Since 1949, with
the changes in general price level, National Bureau of Statistics has issued
nationally unified constant prices five times: the 1952 constant prices for
1949-1957; the 1957 constant prices for 1957-1971; the 1970 constant prices
for 1971-1981; the 1980 constant prices for 1981-1990; and the 1990 constant
prices have been used since 1991. |
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4
Various Planning periods The
conventional division of time period in this statistical yearbook is as
follows: Economic Rehabilitation Period, 1960-1952; the First Five-Year Plan period,
1953-1957; The Second Five-Year Plan period, 1958-1962; The Third Five-Year
Plan period, 1966-1970; The Fourth Five-Year Plan period, 1971-1975; The
Fifth Five-Year Plan period, 1976-1980; The Sixth Five-Year Plan period,
1981-1985; The Seventh Five-Year Plan period, 1986-1990;The Eighth Five-Year
Plan period, 1991-1995;The Ninth Five-Year Plan period, 1996-2000; The Tenth
Five-Year Plan period,2001-2005;The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period,2006-2010. |
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5
Average Annual Growth Rate refers
to the average growth rate year after year in a long period of time. There
are two methods for calculating: 1 “level approach”, or the method of
geometric level calculation, is the annual average growth (decrease) rate,
which derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with
that of the beginning year; the other is called “accumulative approach”, or
algebraic average or equation method, is the annual average growth (decrease)
rate, which is derived by summation of the actual figure of each year in the
interval divided by the figure in the base year. Usually, the results
calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply
when uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in
growth. |
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The average annual growth
rates listed in this statistical yearbook are all calculated by “level
approach”. The base years are not listed when the years are listed for average
annual growth rates. For example, the average annual growth rate of the 32
years since reform & opening-up implemented is listed as 1979-2010
without listing the base year 1978, the rest of the years are analogized as
the same. |
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6
Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into
3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment
from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and enterprises with foreign investment, in
the light of the registration status of an enterprise in industrial and
commercial administration agencies. Domestic-funded enterprises include
state-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative
enterprises, joint ownership enterprises, limited liability corporations,
share-holding corporations Ltd., private enterprises and other enterprises.
Included in the enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
and enterprises with foreign investment are joint-venture enterprises, cooperative
enterprises, sole investment enterprises and share-holding corporations Ltd.
For government agencies, institutions and social organizations, which are not
requested to be registered in industrial and commercial administration
agencies, they are classified mainly by their sources of funds and way of
management. |
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7
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic
units where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Excluded from this
category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited liability
corporations. |
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8
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where
the assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance
with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporate Enterprises. |
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9
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective
economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their
shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production
is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting
for profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share. |
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10
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state
joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint
state-collective enterprises, and other joint ownership enterprises. |
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11
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units
established with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance
with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the
corporation depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability
corporations include exclusive state-funded limited liability corporations
and other limited liability corporations. |
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12
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of
Corporations, with total registered capitals divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets. |
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13
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited
liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private
partnership enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in
accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim
Regulations on Private Enterprises . |
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14
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded
economic units other than those mentioned above. |
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15
Enterprises with Investment from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan refers to enterprises set up in
mainland China in the forms of joint investment,cooperation or solely-owned
investment by investors from HongKong, Macao and Taiwan in accordance with
foreign-related economic laws & regulations of China. They include
joint-venture enterprises, cooperative enterprises & solely-owned
enterprises. |
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16
Enterprises with Foreign Investment
refers to enterprises set up in
mainland China in the forms of joint investment, cooperation or solely-owned
investment by foreign investors in accordance with foreign-related economic laws
& regulations of China. They include joint-venture enterprises with
foreign investment, cooperation enterprises with foreign investment and
enterprises with sole (exclusive) foreign investment. |
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17
Three Industries Industry structure has been
classified according to the historical sequence of development. Primary
industry refers to extraction of natural resources; secondary industry
involves processing of primary products;and tertiary industry provides
services of various kinds for production and consumption. The above
classification is universal although it varies to some extent form country to
country. Industry in China comprises: |
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Primary
industry: Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery (including farming,
forestry, animal husbandry ,fishery and Services). |
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Secondary
industry: industry (including mining and quarrying, manufacturing, production
and supply of electricity, water and gas) and construction. |
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Tertiary
industry: all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry. |
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18
Total Population refers to the total number of people
alive at a certain point of time within a given area.The annual statistics on
total population is taken at midnight, the 3lst of December, excluding
migrant population without household register in Changzhou city. |
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19
Birth Rate or (Crude Birth Rate) refers to the ratio of the number of
births to the average population (or mid-period population) during a certain
period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ‰. Birth rate in
the chapter refers to annual birth rate. The following formula is used: |
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Birth
Rate = Number of Births/Average Number of Population×1000‰ |
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Number
of births refers to live births i.e. the births when babies had showed any
vital phenomena regardless of the length of pregnancy. |
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The
current calculation of birth rate is based on data residency by the public
security data of permanent residency by the family planning commission at
city levels, and can also be based on annual population sampling at country
and provincial levels, including the late registration for births of previous
year. |
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Annual
average number of population is the average of the number of population at
the beginning of the year and that at the end of the year, and can be
substituted with the mid-year population. |
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20
Death Rate (or Crude Death Rate) refers to the ratio of the
number of deaths to the average population (or mid-period population) during
a certain period of time (usually a year) which is often expressed in ‰.
Death rate in the chapter refers to annual death rate. The following formula
is used: |
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Death
Rate= Number of Deaths/Annual Average Number of Population×1000‰ |
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21
Natural Growth Rate of Population refers to the ratio of
natural increase in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a
certain period of time (usually a year) to the average population (or
mid-period population) of the same period which is often expressed in ‰. The
following formulas are applied: |
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Natural
Growth of Population = (Number of Births-Number of Deaths)/Average Number of
Population×1000‰ |
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Natural
Growth Rate of Population = Birth Rate-Death Rate |
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22
Life Expectancy refers to the average number of years a
person of a certain age will live (or the average life-span of an age group
if the pattern of morality for this age group remains as it is.) |
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23
Employed Persons refers to the persons engaged in
social labor and receive remuneration payment or earn business income,
includin(1)fully employed staff & workers in state-owned,
collective-owned or other kinds of economic sectors and otherwise employed
persons.(2)private and individual economic laborors in towns (3)rural social
laborers. |
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Persons
employed in various units refers to all the persons working in government
agencies of various levels, political and party organizations, social
organizations, enterprises and institutions, and receiving wages or other
forms of payment. They include fully-employed staff and workers, re-employed
retirees, foreigners and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan
working in various units, part-time employees, employees of other units
working temporarily at current posts, and employees holding the second job,
but exclude staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping
their labour contract(employment relation)unchanged. This indicator reflects
the total number of laborers actually engaged in production or other
operations in various units. |
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24
Staff and Workers refer to the persons who work in
(and receive payment therefrom) enterprises and institutions of state
ownership, collective ownership, joint ownership, share holding, foreign
ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan,
and other types of ownership and their affiliated units and get paid also
include the staff and workers who have left their working units while keeping
their labour contract/employment relation unchanged. |
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25
Fully Employed Staff and Workers refer to persons who work in, and
receive wages from their working units, as well as persons who have their
work posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on
sick, injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working
units. |
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26
Staff and Workers Who Have Left Working Units but Still Remaining the
Relationship with the Units refer to those who have left the
production or working posts due to various reasons and are not taking other positions
in the same units, but whose labor relationship still remained in the units. |
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27
Payment of Persons Employed refer to the total remuneration payment
to the whole staff and workers in various units doing a certain period of
time, including the total wages of full-employed staff and workers and the
payment of other employed persons. |
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28
Total Wages of Fully Employed Staff and Workers refers to the total remuneration payment
to fully employed staff and workers in various units during a certain period
of time. The calculation of total wages is based on the total remuneration
payment to the staff and workers. Therefore, all the wages and salaries and
other payments to staff and workers are included in the total wages
regardless of their sources, category, and forms(in kind or cash). |
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29
Average Wages of Staff and Workers
refers
to the average wage in money terms per person during a certain period of time
for staff and workers in enterprises, institutions, and government agencies,
which reflects the general level of wage income during a certain period of
time and is calculated as follows: |
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Average
Wage of Staff and Workers = Total Wages of Staff and Workers in Reference
Period/Average Number of Staff and Workers in Reference Period. |
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30
Registered urban unemployed people
refer
to unemployed people at working age (from 16 years old to retirement age) in
urban areas that have the ability to work and the need for jobs and have
registered at public employment service agencies. |
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31
Consumer Price Index Consumer
price, refers to the price that consumer goods and services purchased by
urban and rural residents, is the final price of social products and
services, which influences the people’s livehood and lay a prominent role in
the whole national economic price system. Consumer price index reflects the
trend and degree of changes in prices of consumer goods purchased by
residents. |
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32
Retail Price Index The retail price refers to the price that
the residents afford for the living consumer and service. It is the final
price of social products and service has a direct bearing on the people’s
lives and has a fairly important states in the whole national economy system. |
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33
Service Price Index refer
to the comparative number of the expenditure of non-commercial and service
consumption. The items involve: telecommunication expense, postal expense,
transportation expense, hairdressing & beautification expense, culture
and entertainment expense, school and baby-sitting expense, mending and other
expense, medical insurance service expense, total classifications. |
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34
Employment Population in Urban Households refer to urban
residents engaged in certain work and receiving payment for the labor or
income from their business operation, including those who work in state-owned
or collective units, joint ventures, foreign-owned units and private with
permanent or temporary jobs. The self-employed individuals and re-employed
retirees are also included. This indictor reflects the situation of urban
employment and is the basic data for calculating employment rate and
dependency ratio. |
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35
Total income of urban families refers to the total income of
sample families living in urban areas, which is comprising of salary income,
net income from business operation, earnings from properties and income of
transfer, not including the income of rent and sale of their properties. The
income is calculated on what is actually occurred. the figure, whether
redeemed or paid in advance, will not be further divided when calculated. |
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The
income from properties refers to the income from the family owned chattel
(saving deposits in banks, securities), real estate (such as housing,
automobiles, land and personal collections). This includes the remising of
one’s own properties, such as interests, rents, earning from patents, dividends
from one’s property circulation, added profits of properties. |
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The
income of transfer refers to the income of sample families, made up of the
country’s payment transfer and inter-family payment, including retirement
pension, unemployment welfare, compensation etc. The unit’s transfer of
payment, including job compensation, insurance premium, public reserve of
housing and inter family donations. |
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36
Disposable income of urban resident
refers to the total amount of sample
urban residents’ income, which is comprised of income direct available for
consumption, non-compulsory expenditure plus savings deposits, ie the income
which could be disposed of freely. The formula of calculation is: disposable
income=total income of the family – personal income tax – expenditure on
social insurance – received subsidiary. |
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37
Total expenditure of household
refers
to total actual expenditure of a household excluding that from rending, which
includes all daily expenditure, housing expenditure, transfer expenditure,
property expenditure and expenditure on social insurance. The statistical
calculation is based on actual value of commodities or service bought,
regardless of the means of payment, whether on installment or not, so long as
the commodity and service has been consumed. If the commodity or service was
bought on tally or installment, the difference of actual payment and payment
due is put into the categories under the title of income from debit and
credit. |
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38
Consumer Expenditure of urban residents refers to total daily expenditure of
residents, including the expenditure on foods, clothing, household appliance
and service, health, education, cultural and entertainment service, housing,
occasional costs and service. including goods or services used for donation. |
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39
Net Income of Rural Households refers to the total income of the
permanent residents of the rural households during a year after the deduction
of the expenses for productive and non-productive business operation, the
payment for taxes and the payment for collective units for their contracted
tasks, which can then be spent for investments in productive and
non-productive construction, for consumption in daily life and for savings
deposit. It is a comprehensive indicator to show the actual level of the
income of the peasants’ household. The net income of the rural households
includes not only the income from the productive and non-productive business
operation, but also the income from the non-business operation, such as the
money remitted or brought back by the members of the household who are in
other places, the government relief payment and various subsidies. It
includes not only the money income, but also the income in kind. But the
income from borrowing from banks, friends and relatives is excluded. |
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40
Able-bodied and Semi-able Bodied Laborers of Rural Households refers to
permanent residents of rural households who are able to work and actually
engaged in social labor, which is one factor of production and sources of
rural households income. According to the relevant regulations, male aged
18-50, female aged 18-45 are considered as able bodied laborers; male aged
16-17 and 51-60, female aged 17-17 and 46-55 are considered as able-bodied or
semi able bodied laborers. Those who are not in above age but able to work
and actually engaged in social labor are also considered as able-bodied or
semi-able bodied laborers, while those who are within the above age range but
unable to work are not counted as able-bodied or semi able bodied laborers. |
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41
Expenditure of Rural Households for Consumption refers to
total expenses of rural households on daily life, including expenses on food,
clothing, housing, fuel, articles for daily use, and expenses on cultural
life and services. This indicator is used to show the actual consumption
level of peasants, including expense on food, clothing, housing, fuel,
articles for daily use, and expenditure on daily life and services. |
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42
Total Investment in Fixed Assets in the Whole Municipality Investment in fixed assets is the
essential means for social reproduction of fixed assets. Amount of investment
in fixed assets refers to the volume of activities in construction and
purchases of fixed assets in monetary terms. It is a comprehensive indicator
which shows the size, pace, proportional relations and use orientation of the
investment in fixed assets. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole
society is classified into the following parts investment as categorized by
ownerships. Total value of investment: city &town collective units, real
estate development, investment in rural area. |
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43
Investment in Real Estate Development refers to the investment by the real
estate development companies, commercial buildings construction companies and
other real estate development units of various types of ownership in the
construction of house buildings, such as residential buildings, factory
buildings, warehouses, hotels, guesthouses, holiday villages, office
buildings, and the complementary service facilities and land development
projects, such as roads, water supply, water drainage, power supply, heating,
telecommunications, land leveling and other projects of infrastructure. It
excludes the activities in simple land transactions. |
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44
Sources of funds for Investment in fixed assets refer to
various funds received during the year by fixed assets investment for construction
and purchase of fixed assets. They include balance of funds bought forward
from the previous year, subtotal of sources of funds in this year, and
various payable funds. The subtotal of the sources of funds in this year is
further divided into six categories: state budgetary investment, domestic
loans, bonds, foreign investments, self-raised funds, and other sources of
funds. |
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45
Investment in Fixed Assets by Structure refers to the three major parts
of investment activities, i.e. construction and installation, purchase of
equipment and instrument, and other expenses. |
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46
Newly Increased Fixed Assets refer to the newly increased value of fixed
assets through investment, including the value of projects completed and put
into production, the value of equipment, tools, and vessels considered as
fixed assets, as well as the relevant expenses as investment in fixed assets.
This is a comprehensive indicator of investment in fixed assets, reflecting
the achievements of investment in fixed assets in different periods,
different sectors, and different regions. |
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47
Rate of Projects of Fixed Assets Completed and Put into Operation refers to the ratio of the newly
increased fixed assets to the total investment made in the same period. This
is a comprehensive indicator, reflecting the speed of the employment of fixed
assets and the investment efficiency |
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48
Projects under Construction refer to projects having
construction and installation activities undertaken in the reference period,
including projects started in the reference period, or continued from the
previous period, or completed and put into production or suspended in the
reference period. |
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49
Projects Completed and Put into Use Industrial projects refer to the major
projects and accessory facilities completed which result in forming
production capacity and have been checked and accepted while the living and
welfare facilities have been completed and can ensure normal production and
formally put into production. Non-industrial projects refer to the major
projects and accessory facilities completed which possess the designed
capacity and have been checked, accepted and formally put into production. |
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50
Floor Space of Buildings under Construction and Completed refers to total floor space in
each story of buildings calculated from the outside line of building walls,
including both usable space and the space occupied by constructions like
pillars or walls. The floor space of multi-story buildings includes the total
floor space of each story (including basement). |
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51
Floor space under construction
refers to the floor space of all buildings
(including basement, semibasement and supporting buildings) is being
constructed within the period of the report. It consists of the floor space
newly constructed in current phase and the floor space constructed from last
year to current phase, and the floor space which stopped constructing in the
previous phase but restarted to construct in current phase. The floor space
completed in the current phase and the floor space stopped constructing or
delayed construction of the current phase shall be included in the floor
space under construction. As to multi storey building, floor space completed
shall be filled in the total floor space of each storey. |
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52
Floor space completed
refers
to the total of building area of all buildings which are completed as per
design requirement, meet the requirements for residence and use, and are
inspected and accepted as qualified or meeting the completion acceptance
criteria and can be transferred to normal use. |
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53 Floor
Space of Residential Buildings
refers to the floor space of the residential buildings under
construction and completed among the total space of buildings under
construction and completed. |
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54
Gross Output Value of Farming,Forestry,Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total volume of products
of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in value terms and the value
of all kinds of supporting serving activities to farming, forestry, animal
husbandry and fishery producing activities, which reflects the total scale
and total result of agricultural production during a given period of time.The
statistical scopes for Farming, Forestry,Animal
Husbandry and Fishery are: |
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(1)Farming
include crop cultivation and other farming crop cultivation, include planting
of grain, beans, tubers, cotton, oil bearing crops,sugar crops,fiber
crops,tobacco,vegetables,medicinal materials, melons and others, as well as
tea,mulberry and fruit plantation. |
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Other
farming include gathering of wild plant fruits, fiber,gum, oil, firewood,
wild medicinal materials, fungi and commodity industry run by rural
household. |
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(2)Forestry
include planting of trees (not including planting,management & harvest of
tea, mulberry and fruit plantation), collection of forest products,cutting
and felling of bamboo and trees
by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages. |
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(3)Animal
Husbandry include raising and grazing of any kind of animal and hunting and
raising of wild animal, excluding fish breeding. |
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(4)Fishery
include cultivation and catches of acquatic animals and seaweed. |
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(5)
The trade of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, including
irrigation service, elementary processing service of farming products, other
agricultural service, forestry service, veterinarian service, other animal
husbandry service, fishery service, and so on. |
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55
Grain Yield
refers to the yield in the whole country including grains produced by
state farms, collective units, industrial enterprises and mines. Grain
includes rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains as
well as tubers and beans. Output of beans refers to dry beans without pods.
The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not including taros and
cassava) was converted into that of grain at the ratio 4:1, since 1964 the
ratio for conversion has been 5:1. |
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56 Yield
of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total yield of oil
bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds,
sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil bearing crops. Soybeans,
oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included. |
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57 Output
of Aquatic Products
refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown
aquatic products, including fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea and
inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included. |
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58
Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of
slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep and goats with head, feet, and offal taken
away. |
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59
Cultivated Area (Area under cultivation) refers to farmland which is
plowed constantly for growing crops, including cultivated land, newly
cultivated land in the current year, farmland left without cultivation for
less than three years and fallow land in the current year, rotation land,
rotation land of grass and crops, farmland with some fruit trees, mulberry
trees and other trees and cultivated seashore land, lake land, and etc. The
land of mulberry fields, tea plantations, orchards, nurseries of young
plants, forestland, reed land, natural and man-made grassland and other land
are not included in cultivated land. Ditches, roads and ridges between
cultivated fields that are less than 1 meter in width in the south or less
than 2 meters in width in the north are included in the cultivated land. |
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60
Sown Area of Crops
refers to area of land sown or transplanted with crops regardless of
being in cultivated area or non cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to
natural disasters is also included. |
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61
Irrigated Area
refers to areas that are effectively irrigated, i.e. level land which
has water source and complete sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move
adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions. Under normal
conditions, irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and irrigated fields
where irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for regular
irrigation purpose. |
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62
Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical
fertilizers applied in agriculture in the year, including nitrogenous
fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer.
The consumption of chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert
the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g. 100%
nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphorous pentoxide
contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100% potassium oxide contents in potash
fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major component. |
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63
Total Power of Farm Machinery refers to total mechanical power
of machinery used in farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery,
including ploughing, irrigation and drainage, harvesting, transport, plant
protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery. The power of internal
combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power
of electric motors is required to be converted into watts. Machinery employed
for non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines used in township run and
village-run industry, construction, non-agricultural transport, scientific
experiments and teaching, is excluded. |
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64
Number of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the
total number of large animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural
cooperative organizations, state farms, rural individuals, government
agencies, schools, industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban
residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period. The investigated
method of the pigs and poultry has changed from overall investigation to
sampling investigation. |
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65
Industry refers
to the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural
resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural
products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt
production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing
and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour
milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning
and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such
as steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum
processing, machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and
electricity generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such
as the repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars). |
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66
Light Industry
refers to the industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It
consists of two categories, depending on the materials used:(1) Industries
using farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry
which directly or indirectly use farm products as basic raw materials,
including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco processing, textile,
clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper making, printing, etc.(2)
Industries using non farm products as raw materials. These are branches of
light industry which use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the
manufacture of cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals,
synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass products for daily
use, metal products for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and
instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery. |
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67
Heavy Industry refers to the industry, which
produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national economy
with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the following three
branches according to the purpose of production or the use of products:(1)
Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts
natural resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and
non-metal ores and logging.(2) Raw materials industry refers to the industry
that provides various sectors of the national economy with raw materials,
fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of metals, coking and
coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as cement,
plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.(3) Manufacturing
industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes
machine-building industry, which equips sectors of the national economy,
industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing means
of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides. |
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According to the above principle of classification,
the repairing trades, which are engaged primarily in repairing products of
heavy industry, are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in
repairing products of light industry are classified into light industry. |
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68
Gross Industrial Output Value is the total volume of industrial
products sold or available for sale in value terms which reflects the total
achievements and overall scale of industrial production during a given period.
It includes the value of the finished products, which are not to be further
processed in the enterprises and have been inspected, packed and put in
storage, the value of industrial services rendered to other units, and the
changes in the value of the semi-finished products and products in process
between the beginning and closing of the period. The gross industrial output
value is calculated with “factory method”. No double calculations are to be
made within the same enterprise. However, double counting does occur among
different enterprises. |
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Output
value of light and heavy industries is also classified with the “factory”
method. Under normal conditions, if the major products of an industrial
enterprise belong to light industry products, the gross output value of that
enterprise is classified wholly into light industry; the same principle
applies to heavy industry. |
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69
Industrial Sales Output Value
refers
to the total volume of industrial products sold by an industrial enterprise
during a given period and in the form of currency. It includes the value of
finished products, semi-finished products, and industrial operations rendered
to other units, products, industrial operations and self-made equipment
provided to the basic construction department, welfare department, etc. of
the enterprise. As to those finished products and semi-finished products, no
matter whether products are manufactured in this calculation period or the
previous one, so long as they are sold out in this calculation period, they
should be included. The industrial operations are industrial services
rendered to other units according to contracts. The products, industrial
operations and self-made equipment provided to basic construction department,
welfare department, and etc. of the enterprise should be regarded as act of
sale, and included in sales statistics. |
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The scope, price and
method of calculation of industrial sales output value are the same as those
for gross industrial output value. However, the calculation base are
different: the base for sales output value is the total volume of products
sold; the base for gross industrial output value is total volume of
production of industrial products. |
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70
Value-added of Industry refers
to the final results of industrial production of the industrial trade in
money terms during the reference period. There are two methods of the
calculation of value-added of industry: (1) the “production” method, the
total output value minus the investment during the production. (2) “income”
method, set out from the angle of income calculation according to the income
of the material, the particular items are the depreciation of fixed assets,
payment to the staff and workers, net value of production tax, the business
profit, this methods also called essential factors distribution method. |
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71
Capital Obtained refers to capital actually received by
the enterprise from investors. It can be further classified by investors as
state capital, collective capital, corporate capital, individual capital, capital
from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan and foreign capital. |
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72
Total Assets refer to all economic resources, owned
or controlled by enterprises, that could be measured in monetary terms, including
properties, creditors equity and other economic rights of all forms.
Classified by the degree of equitability, total assets include circulating
assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred
assets, and other assets. |
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73
Circulating assets (working capital)
refer to assets which can be cashed in
or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year or over one year,
including cash, all kinds of deposits, short term investment, receivables, advance
payment, stock, etc. |
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74
Fixed assets refer to the net value of fixed assets,
clearance of fixed assets, project under construction, fixed assets losses in
suspense. These are corporations fund holdings. |
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75 Original
Value of Fixed Assets
refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by industrial
enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of purchase,
installation, reconstruction, expansion, and technical innovation and
transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses on purchase,
package, transportation, and installation, etc. |
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76
Net Value of Fixed Assets is obtained by deducting depreciation over
years from the original value of fixed assets. |
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77
Intangible assets refer to the assets without material
form used by enterprises over a long time, such as patents, non-patent technologies,
trade marks, copyright, land use right, business reputation, etc. |
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78
Total Liabilities refer to the debts, measured in
monetary terms, that enterprises are responsible for repayment in the form of cash, assets or labor.
Classified by terms of repayment, liabilities include liquid liabilities and
long-term liabilities. |
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79 Liquid
liabilities (also called quick liabilities or immediate liabilities) refer to enterprises’ total debt
payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including
short term loans, payable and advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable
and profit payable, etc. |
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80
Long term liabilities
refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or
over one year, including
long-term loans, payable liabilities, long-term payable, etc. |
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81
Creditors’ Equity refers to investors ownership of net assets
of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of the enterprise minus
its total liabilities, including the primary input from investors, capital
accumulation fund, surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit. It is
the shareholder’s equity in share-holding companies. |
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82 Sales
Revenue of Industrial Products refers to the revenue from the sales of
products by industrial enterprises and the revenue from se rvices provided
and etc. |
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83
Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Products refer to the tax on city maintenance
and construction, consumption tax, resources tax and extra charges for
education, which should be borne by the enterprises in selling products and
providing industrial services. |
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84
Total Value of Profit and Tax (pre-tax Profits) refers to the total sum of profits,
products sales tax and surcharges and the value added tax payable of
industrial enterprises. It is also called pre-tax profits. |
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85
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the ratio of profits realized
in a given period to the total costs in the same period, which reflects the
economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated as follows: |
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Ratio
of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=(Total Profits/ Total Costs)×100% |
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86
Value-added Rate of Industry refers to the ratio of value
added of industry in a given period to the gross output value in the same
period, which reflects the economic efficiency of cutting down the
intermediate input and is calculated as follows: |
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Value-added
Rate of Industry(%)=[Value-added of Industry (at current prices) ] / [Gross
Output Value (at Current Prices)]×100% |
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87
Turnover of Working Capital
refers
to the number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of
time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital and is
calculated as follows: |
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Turnover
of Working Capital(time)=Sales Revenue of Products / Average Balance of Total
Working Capital |
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88
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value refers to the sales of industrial
products to the gross industrial output value during the reference period,
and is important in reflecting the linkage between production and sales and
the extent of the needs of the society that has been met by the supply of
industrial products. It is calculated as follows: |
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Ratio
of Sales to Gross Output Value=[Industrial sales / Gross industrial output
value (at current prices)] ×100% |
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89
Overall Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises refers to the average output per
employed person in industrial enterprises in value terms. At present, the
value added and the average number of staff and workers of an industrial
enterprise in a given period are used to calculate the overall labour
productivity. The formula used is: |
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Overall
Labour Productivity=(Value Added of Industry) / (Average Number of Staff and
Workers) |
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90
Gross Output Value of Construction refers to total output value as
expressed in monetary terms of the production and service of construction
enterprises within certain period of time. The total value consists of three
parts: |
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(1)
Output value of construction projects, that is the value of projects covered
by the project budgets; |
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(2)
Output value of installation projects, that is the value of the installation
of equipment, (excluding the value of the equipment to be installed); |
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(3)
Other output value: refers to the value of production including repairing of
auxiliary parts of housing, non-standard equipment manufacturing,
administration cost of contractor on sub-contractor and other construction
output which cannot be clearly categorized. |
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91
Output Value of Completed Projects usually refers to output value
of single construction project concerned within reference period, calculated
when the projected is completed as required by the plan of the project,
meeting the requirements of turning over to the user and pass the examination
of authorized department. The scope of output includes: the value created from
start to completion of the projects. If the construction of the projects took
more than one year, the output value should include the value completed in
previous year. The output can be calculated on section by section bases on
large projects if they can be divided by sections, levels of construction.
Large plants, deluxe hotels, pipe work, highway, railway etc are examples of
these large projects. |
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92
Floor Space of Buildings Under Construction refers to all the floor space of
buildings in construction reported in reference period, including those
starting construction, construction relayed from previous period,
construction resumed after the delay of the previous period, completed
construction and construction started in present period and stopped at
present. |
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93
Floor Space of Buildings Completed refers to floor space of
construction project concerned within reference period, calculated when the projected
is completed as required by the plan of the project, meeting the requirements
of turning over to the user and pass the examination of authorized
department. The calculation of the floor space should strictly adhere to the
standard requirements for check up the completion of the construction
projects. For civil construction projects, generally speaking, the floor
space should be calculated when the building itself and its water, sewage,
gas, heating, ventilation, elevator etc have been completed according to the
construction plan, passed the examination for completion and turned over to
the user. For the industrial construction as well as the construction of
R&D buildings, the floor space should be calculated, generally speaking,
when the building was completed with water, heating, sewage and ventilation
as well as auxiliary parts in living quarter and operational quarter, even
without the installation of manufacturing equipment as well as pipelines. |
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94
Total Number of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year refers to the number of machines
and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed as the fixed assets of the
enterprises by the end of the year, including machinery and equipment for construction,
production and transportation. |
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95
Total Power of Machinery and Equipment Owned by the End of Year refers to the
total power of machinery and equipment owned by the enterprises, and listed
as the fixed assets of the enterprises by the end of the year, including
machinery and equipment for construction, production and transportation. The
power of the machinery is calculated on basis of the designed or verified capacity,
covering the power of the machinery/equipment and the separate power
equipment serving the machinery/equipment (such as electric motors), but
excluding welders, transformers and boilers. The unit used for the
calculation of power is kilowatt, with horsepower converted to kilowatt by 1
horsepower=0.735 kilowatt. |
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96
Income from Settlement of Projects refers to the income received by
the construction enterprise from the contracted project through settlement
procedures, and other charges to the contractoree as operational costs in
addition to the value of the project, such as temporary facility fee, labour
insurance premium , moving cost of construction equipment, as well as various
types of claims to the contractee. |
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97
Profit from Settlement of Projects
refers
to profit realized through settled projects. It is calculated with the
following formula: |
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Profit
from Settlement of Projects=Income from Settlement of Projects-Settled
Cost-Settled Taxes and Other Cost. |
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98
Length of Highways refers to the length of highways which
are built in conformity with the grades specified by the highway engineering standard
formulated by the Ministry of Communications, and have been formally checked and accepted by
the departments of highways and put into use. The length of highways includes
that of the suburb highways at large and medium-sized cities, highways passing
through streets at small cities and towns, and also the length of bridges and
ferries. It does not include the length of streets in big and medium-sized
cities and highways built for the production purpose at factories, mines,
forest areas and agricultural areas. If two or more highways go the same
section of the way, the length of the section is only calculated for once and
no duplication is allowed. The length of highways is an important indicator
to show the development of the highway construction and to provide essential
information to calculate the transport network density. |
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99
Length of Navigable Inland Waterways an indicator reflecting the size and
development of inland water network, it refers to the length of the natural
rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and ditches open to navigation during a
given period, which enables the transport by ships and rafts. It includes the
channels open to navigation for over an accumulative 3 months in a year, yet
this does not include the river courses which are only used to float odd logs
and bamboo rafts. |
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100 Freight
(Passenger) Traffic refers
to the volume of freight (passenger) transported with various means. Freight transport
is calculated in tons and passenger traffic is calculated in the number of
persons. Despite the type of freight and travelling distance, the freight
transport is calculated in the actual weight of the goods: and despite the
travelling distance and ticket price, the passenger traffic is calculated by
the principle that one person can be counted only once in one travel. The
passenger who travels with a half price ticket or a child ticket is also
calculated as one person. The freight (passenger) traffic provides a
quantitative measure to show how the transport industry serves the national
economy and people, and is also an important indicator for planning the
transport industry and for studying the development scale and speed of the
transport industry. |
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101 Freight
Ton-kilometers (Passenger-kilometers)
refer to the sum of
the products of the volume of transported cargo (passengers) multiplying by
the transport distance, usually using ton-kilometer and passenger-kilometer
as units for measurement. Normally, the shortest distance between the
departure station and the destination station (i.e., the payable distance) is
the basis to calculate the freight ton-kilometers. This is an important
indicator to show the total results of the transport industry, to prepare and
examine the transport plan and to measure the efficiency, the labor
productivity and the unit cost of transport. |
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102
Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications Services refer to the total amount of
services provided to society by post and telecommunications enterprises with
the form of value. Post and telecommunications services can be divided by
category as letter, parcel, bill of draft, newspaper and magazine
distribution, EMS, philately, fixed telephone, lending circuit, mobile phone,
packet switched data traffic and lending telephone switchboard maintenance.
The calculation method shall be the sum of various kinds of product time
average unit price (fixed price) then plus the service incomes from lending
circuit, telephone switchboard and circuit maintenance on behalf of
customers. |
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103
Mobile Telephone Subscribers refer to subscribers of the
telephone using mobile telephone network, and occupying mobile telephone
number. The number of subscribers shall be calculated as per the number dealt
with the formalities of mobile telephone network at cell-phone business
office as of the report date, each cell-phone shall be recorded as one
subscriber. |
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104
Number of Internet Subscribers refers to the number of subscribers who
have registered and accessed into the international network, including local network
area, metropolitan area network, wide area network, and dial-up network
subscribers and private wire network subscribers. |
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105
Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods refers to the sum of retail
sales of consumer goods sold by all sectors of the national economy to urban
and rural residents and social groups. This indicator is used to show the
supply of consumers goods through various channels to households and
institutions, and is very important for the study on people's livelihood, on
the purchasing power of consumer goods and on the circulation of money. |
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106
Wholesale and Retail Sales Trade refers to units not directly
involved in the manufacturing of commodities, rather purchasing the commodity
from manufacturers or circulating units without processing, or with simple
processing (cleaning, tidying, categorizing, packaging, etc) and achieving
benefits by reselling the commodities. |
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107
Accommodation refers
to service provided to clients with payment. |
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108
Catering trade refer to the units offer various food and
drinks consumed at once in certain places and this kind of service is more
important than other services (entertainment, e.g.) offered. |
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109
Wholesale enterprises above designated size refer to
wholesale companies with the main business income of more than RMB 20 million
yuan. |
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110 Retail enterprises above designated size refer to
retail companies with the main business income of more than RMB 5 million
yuan. |
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111 Catering enterprises above designated
size refer to
catering companies with the main business income of more than RMB 2 million
yuan. |
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112
Total Sales of Commodities refer to value of commodities
sold by the establishments to other establishments and individuals (including
direct export). This indicator reflects the total value of sales of
commodities at domestic markets and export, including: (1) wholesales for
production and management units; (2) wholesales for wholesale and retail
trades (3) export; (4) retail for residents and social communities. |
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113
Value of Business Transaction in Trading Markets refers to the total volume between the buyers
of consumption market and sellers of production goods market, which includes
farmers, non-agricultural people, government offices, organizations,
industrial and commercial enterprises and individual sellers, and which
serves as the comprehensive index of the dimensions of trading markets. |
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114
Registered Capital of Private Enterprises refer to the
checked registered capital when the private enterprises do the start or
change registered, exclude the bank loans. |
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115
The Units of the Private owned industrial and Commercial Enterprises refers to the
amount of the private owned industrial and commercial enterprises, which have
got the business licence or the temporary business licences. |
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116
Staff and Workers in the Private Owned Industrial and Commercial
Enterprises refer
to the whole people take part in the business and get paid, which are checked
by the industrial and commercial department, involved the manager of the
private industrial and commercial enterprises, helper and the apprentices. |
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117
Registered Capital of the Private owned Industrial and commercial
enterprises refer
to the checked registered capital when apply for or change the registration. |
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118
Utilization of Foreign Capital refers to remittance, equipment and
technology financed from abroad, by loans, foreign direct investment and
other forms undertaken by the Chinese governments at all levels, by various
departments, enterprises and other economic units. |
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119
Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs refers to the investments inside China
by foreign enterprises and economic organizations or individuals (including
overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and Chinese
enterprises registered abroad ), following the relevant policies and laws of
China, for the establishment of ventures exclusively with foreign own
investment, Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises or for
cooperative exploration of resources with enterprises or economic
organizations in China. It includes the re-investment of the foreign
entrepreneurs with the profits gained from the investment and the funds that
enterprises borrow from abroad in the total investment of projects which are
approved by the relevant department of the government. |
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120
Contracted Projects with Foreign Countries refers to projects undertaken by
Chinese contractors (project contracting companies) through bidding process.
They include: (1) overseas civil engineering construction projects financed
by foreign investors. (2) overseas projects financed by the Chinese
government through its foreign aid programs. (3) construction projects of
Chinese diplomatic missions, trade offices and other institutions stationed
abroad. (4) construction, projects in China Financed by foreign
investment.(5) sub-contracted projects to be taken by Chinese contractors
through a joint umbrella project with foreign contractor(s), (6) housing
development projects. The business income from international contracted
projects is the work volume of contracted projects completed during the
reference period, expressed in monetary terms, including completed work on
projects singed in previous years. |
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121
Service Cooperation with Foreign Countries refers to the activities of providing
technology and labor services to employers or contractors in the forms of
receiving salaries and wages. Labor services providing by contractual joint
ventures of Chinese international contracting corporations should be included
in the statistics of service cooperation with foreign countries. The business
income of labor service cooperation is the income in the form of wages and
salaries, overtime pay, bonuses and other remuneration received from the
employers during the reference period. |
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122
International Tourists refers to foreigners, overseas
Chinese, Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan coming to China
for sightseeing, visits, tours, family reunions, vacations, study tours, conferences
and other activities of a business, scientific and technological, cultural,
educational and religious nature. It does not include representatives and
employees of resident institutions of foreign countries in China such as
embassies, consulates, news agencies and offices of foreign companies and
organizations, nor does it include long term foreign experts or students
residing in China, or persons in transition without spending a night in
China. |
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123
Total Electricity Consumption
refer
to the total amount of electricity consumed, it can be divided into “
countryside used electricity”, “industry used electricity”, “transportation
used electricity” and so on, all kinds of the electricity consumption all
involved the electricity sold to the city’s consumer by power stations, the
electricity produced for self use (involved the electricity made by the waste
heat). |
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124
Energy Consumption of Industry Enterprises refer to the
energy, artificial used energy and energy used in other fields as fuel,
material and supplementary material. |
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125
Total Fiscal Revenue refers to the revenue obtained of the
government finance by means of participating in distribution of social
products, including normal budgetary revenue and fund budgetary revenue. The
normal budgetary revenue mainly includes as follows: |
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(1)
Taxes, including VAT, consumption tax, business tax, business income tax,
individual income tax, resources tax, tax of adjustment for the orientation
of fixed investment, urban maintenance and construction tax, housing property
tax, stamp duty, land value increment tax, city and town land use tax, tariff
duty, contract tax and tax on occupancy of cultivated land, etc. |
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(2)
Administrative charges revenues refer to administrative charges revenues
included in budgetary management in accordance with related stipulations. |
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(3)
Special revenues, including revenue collected from imposing fee on sewage
treatment, revenue collected from imposing fee on urban water resources, and
extra-charges for education, etc. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(4)Other
revenues, including revenue from the repayment of capital construction loan,
revenue from capital construction projects, and donations and grants. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Fund
budgetary revenue mainly consists of fund revenue from industrial and
communication authorities, social insurance fund revenue, income from
compensated use of land and government housing fund revenue, etc. |
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126
Government Expenditure refers to the distribution and use
of the funds the government finance has raised, so as to meet the needs of
economic construction and various causes. It includes the following main
items: |
|||||||||||||||||||
(1)General
public services indicating
the expenditure on general public services provided by the government. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(2)National
defense indicating the
government expenditure on active military, reserve forces of national defense
and national defense mobilization, etc. |
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(3)Public
Security indicating
the government expenditure on maintaining public security. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(4)Education indicating the government
expenditure on education. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(5)Science
and technology indicating
the expenditure on science and technology. |
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(6)Culture,
sports and media
indicating the government expenditure on culture, sports, radio and
film and news publishing, etc. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(7)Social
security and employment indicating the
government expenditure on social security and employment. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(8)Medical
treatment and health
indicating the government expenditure on medical treatment and health. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(9)Environmental
protection indicating the
government expenditure on environmental protection. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(10)Urban
and rural community affairs indicating the government
expenditure on urban and rural community affairs. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(11)Agriculture,
forestry and water affairs
indicating the government expenditure on agriculture, forestry and
water. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(12)raffic
and transportation
indicating the government expenditure on traffic and transportation. |
|||||||||||||||||||
(13)Industrial,
commercial and financial affairs
indicating the government expenditure on industry, commerce and
finance. |
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(14)Other
expenditures
indicating other government expenditures that cannot be categorized in
the above function subjects. |
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127
State revenue and local government revenue refer to the revenue owned by the central
government and the revenue belongs to local government in accordance with the
financial system. |
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Since
the reform of tax system and financial system in 1994, the revenue belonged
to the central government includes tariff, consumption tax, value added tax
of imported goods levied by the customs, income tax of railway transportation
enterprises, state-owned banks, state-owned post enterprises, sales tax of
railway and banking and insurance (central government), offshore petroleum
resources tax and vehicle purchasing tax (charges), etc. The taxes belong to
the general budgetary revenue of local governments include regular sales tax,
vehicle and vessel usage tax, animal slaughter tax, tax on occupation of
cultivated land and deed tax, etc. The revenue shared by the central
government and local governments includes value added tax, business income
tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, individual income tax and stamp
tax, etc. One point demands explanation is that the data over the years can’t
be compared fully due to the changing revenue-sharing pattern and sharing
proportions between the central government and local governments in recent
years. |
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128
Deposit is a form of credit by which
enterprises, institutions, organizations or households can put money into
banks and other credit institutions for safekeeping and interest earning
under the principle of free withdrawal. According to different depositors,
deposits are divided into enterprise deposits, treasury deposits, deposits of
government agencies and organizations, capital construction deposits, urban
savings deposits, rural deposits and other deposits. Deposits are major sources
of the credit funds of banks. |
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129
Saving Deposits Balance of Urban and Rural residents Saving
deposits include the bank savings deposits of organizations such as
industrial and mining enterprises, army units, institutions, ect. The
outstanding amount of savings deposits refers to the money put into banks and
rural credit unions at certain time points (balance between deposit and
withdrawal), such as the end of the month, quarter or year. |
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130 Loan
is a form of credit by
which banks and other credit institutions provide funds at certain interest
rate to enterprises and individuals in the light of the principle of
unconditional repayment. Loans from Chinese banks include circulating capital
loans, fixed assets loans, loans to urban and rural individuals engaged in
industrial and commercial business and agricultural loans. |
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131 Amount
Insured refers to the
maximum that the insurant will get for the claim of the case insured. |
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132
Premium is the fee paid by the insurant to the
insurer to obtain the obligation of compensation from the insurance within
the agreed terms. |
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133 Insurance
Indemnity refers to the compensation paid by the insurer to the insurant
in accordance with the stipulations of the insurance contract after confirmed
the insured event within the scope of insurance coverage by means of
verification. |
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134
Prosperity Index refers to status and trend of
development of sample groups or certain economic and social phenomenon,
derived from quantitative processing of qualitative indicators regarding
enterprise’s degree of prosperity. The prosperity index varies from 0 and 200
with 100 as its critical point. When the prosperity exceeds 100, it is
indicated that the economy is turning for better, while the index is below
100, vise versa. |
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135
Climate index also known as
prosperity index, is a processed summary of the qualitative indicators in the
business climate index, which serves as a comprehensive indicator that
evaluates the status and trends of a particular group or economic phenomenon.
The values of climate index are between
0 and 200, while 100 is the critical value for the climate index. Where a
value of climate index is greater than 100, the business condition is in a
growth or improving trend, reaching booming status, and the closer to 200,
the better the situation is; where a value of climate index is less than 100,
the business condition is in a decline or deterioration trend, falling to
recession status, and the closer to 0, the worse the situation is. |
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136
Business climate index also known as
comprehensive production and management climate index of enterprises, is the
prosperity index constituted based on entrepreneurs’ judgments and
expectations of overall production and operation conditions of their
enterprises (usually evaluated as "good," "fair" or
"poor"), which is used to reflect a company's comprehensive
production and management status. |
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137
Length of Paved Roads at the Year-end refers to the length of roads with a
paved surface, and with a width of more than 3-5 meters, including high
quality, medium quality and ordinary roads. |
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138
Urban Bridges refer
to bridges over river courses, great separated junctions and overpasses in
urban areas. Permanent bridges and semi-permanent bridges are included.
Temporary bridges, railway bridges and culverts are excluded. |
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139
Length of Urban Sewage Pipes refers to the total length of general
drainage, trunks. branch and blind drainage, inspection wells, connection
wells, inlets and outlets, etc. |
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140
Daily Disposal Capacity of Urban Sewage refers to the designed 24 hour
capacity of sewage disposal at the sewage treatment works. |
|||||||||||||||||||
141
Floor Space of the Park, Gardens and Green Area Of Urban refers to the total area of urban public
green land, special green land, production green land, protection green land
and suburban scenic spots. |
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142
Green Space in Park refers
to the green area with main function of opening for the public, and
recreation, which possesses certain recreation facilities and service
facilities, integrated the effects of ecology perfection, scenery
beautification, prevention and mitigation of the effects of disasters. |
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143
Production Capacity of Tap Water at the Year-end refers to the actual comprehensive
production capacity of the waterworks administered by the urban construction
department and those owned by enterprises or institutions, taking the
capacity of the main links, such as water inflow, purification, conveyance
and outflow of the trunk pipelines into account. |
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144
Number of Public Vehicles (Buses and Trolley buses) at the Year-end refers to the total number of operational
buses available at the year-end, including the year-end operational vehicles
and vehicles in stock. Non-operational vehicles such as stringing cars, tank
cars, machine shop cars, trucks and other special vehicles and the borrowed
passenger vehicles are excluded. |
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145
Length of Roads in operation
refers
to the length of designated regular routes in operation, including the length
of suburban routes in operation. The length of temporary operational lines is
not included. |
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146
Length of Water Supply Pipelines at the Year-end refers to the total length of all the
pipelines between the water pumps and the users water meters. |
|||||||||||||||||||
147
Annual Volume of Water Supply refers to the total volume of water
supplied by the public water-works and those owned by individual enterprises
and institutions during the whole year, including both the effective water
supply and loss during the water supply. |
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148
Consumption of Water for Residential Use refers to the water consumption of
households for daily life and the water consumption of public welfare
facilities, including the consumption of restaurants, hotels, hospitals,
barber shops, public bathhouses, laundries, swimming pools, shops, schools,
institutions, army units and other units. |
|||||||||||||||||||
149
Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Tap Water refers to the ratio of the urban
non-agricultural population (excluding temporary and mobile population) with
access to tap water to the total urban non-agricultural population. The
formula is: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Percentage
of Population with Access to Tap Water=(Urban Non-agricultural Population
with Access to Tap Water) / (Urban Non-agricultural Population) |
|||||||||||||||||||
150
Length of Gas Pipelines refers to the total length of pipelines between the outlet of the
compressor, blower or gas tank and the gas meters of users. |
|||||||||||||||||||
151
Volume of Gas Supply refers to the total volume of gas sold
to users in a year, including the volume for industrial use, residential use
and other uses. |
|||||||||||||||||||
152
Percentage of Urban Population with Access to Gas refers to the ratio of the urban
non-agricultural population with access to gas (including gas, liquefied
petroleum gas and natural gas) to the urban non-agricultural population
(excluding temporary and mobile population). The formula is: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Percentage
of Population with Access to Gas =(Urban Non-agricultural Population with
Access to Gas×100%) / Urban Non-agricultural Population) |
|||||||||||||||||||
153
Total Amount of Waste Water
refers
to the total amount of industrial waste water and resident waste water. The
industrial refers to the total of the waste water produced in the producing,
studying period of the enterprises and institutions. The resident waste water
refers to the waste water produced in the residences. |
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154
Volume of Industrial Waste Water Discharged refers to the volume of
industrial waste water discharged, through all outlets, to the outside of
industrial enterprises, including waste water produced, direct-cooling water,
underground water from mines that does not meet the standard of discharge,
and the domestic sewage mixed up with industrial waste water when discharged,
but excluding discharged indirect-cooling water. |
|||||||||||||||||||
155
Volume of Waste Water up to the Standard for Discharge refers to the volume of discharged
industrial waste water that, with or without treatment, has come up to the
national or local standards for discharge. |
|||||||||||||||||||
156
Total Amount of Waste Gas Discharged refers to the volume of various kings
of waste gas discharged to the air in the process of fuel burning or in the
production process, and is measured by 10,000 standard cubic meters each year
under normal condition. |
|||||||||||||||||||
157 Volume
of Industrial Solid Wastes Utilized in a Comprehensive Way refers to the volume of solid wastes
from which useful materials can be extracted or which can be changed to be
utilizable resources, energy or other materials, including the volume of
industrial solid wastes stored up in the previous years and utilized in the
current year, such as the solid wastes utilized as fertilizers, building
materials, for making roads or for other purpose. Statistical data on
utilization of industrial solid wastes are collected by solid wastes
producing units. |
|||||||||||||||||||
158 Volume
of Industrial Solid Wastes Treated
refers to solid wastes disposed of in a non-recoverable place that
meet the requirement of environmental protection, such as burying (The
dangerous wastes should be buried safely), burning, piling in designated
sites, pouring water into the deep strata, filling of old mines, etc.
(including treatment of solid wastes piled up in the previous years). |
|||||||||||||||||||
159
Industrial Dust Discharged
refers to the total weight of solid dust discharged by industrial
enterprises in the production process, such as dust of refractory materials
from iron plants, dust from coke-screening system or from sintering machines
of coking plants, dust from lime kilns, cement dust from building material
enterprises, etc., but excluding smoke and dust discharged by power plants. |
|||||||||||||||||||
160
R & D is the abbreviation of research and
development, and refers to the systemic and creative activities for the
purpose of increasing knowledge and applying the knowledge within the field
of science and technology (including the fields of natural science, agricultural
science, medical science, engineering and technological science and
humanities and social science). R & D consists of three kinds of
activities, including fundamental research, application research and
experimental development. |
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161
Independent Research and Development Institutions refer to the state- owned institutions
which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain number of core
members with higher research level and certain number of research personal,
favourable conditions for R&D and engaging in scientific research and
technological development. The institutions also have their own independent
organization and finance, authority to sign contracts with other units, their
bank accounts. Independent research and development institutions include the
institutions attached to central government agencies, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the institutions attached to
the local government. |
|||||||||||||||||||
162
Scientists and Engineers
refer to persons who have completed university or higher education or
obtained titles of senior and middle level professional positions. |
|||||||||||||||||||
163
Personnel of Independent Research and Development Institutions refers to the persons working in and
receiving payment from research and development institutions. It includes
regular full-time and temporary staff and workers and employees working on
contracts, but excludes retirees and persons leaving their work without
payment but still retaining their posts, who are not on the employee list. |
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164
Total Expenditure on Research and Development refers to all actual expenditure made
for R&D (basic research, applied research and experimental development)in
reference period. It includes direct expenditure on R&D and indirect
expenditure on R&D (including management and necessary administrative
expenses of research institutes, investment in capital construction relating
to R&D). |
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165
Inventions
refer to the inventions as specified by the patent law and its
detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the new
technical proposals to the products or methods or their modifications. |
|||||||||||||||||||
166
Utility Models The
utility models specified by the patent law and its detailed rules for
implementation refer to the new technical proposals on the shape, structure
or combination of shape and structure of product, which is suitable for
practical use. |
|||||||||||||||||||
167
Designs refer to the designs as
specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for implementation.
They refer to the aesthetics and industry applicable new designs for the
shape, pattern and color of the product, or their combinations. |
|||||||||||||||||||
168
Number of online registered technology contracts refers to the
number of local technology contracts registered via the national technology
contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/). |
|||||||||||||||||||
169
Business volume of online registered technology contracts refers to the business
volume of local technology contracts registered via the national technology
contracts on-line registration system (http://www.ctmht.net.cn/). |
|||||||||||||||||||
170
Science and Technology Enterprises Incubator refers to the scientific and
technological innovation service organization aiming to promote the transfer
of scientific and technological achievements, and to nurture high-tech
enterprises and entrepreneurs. It includes technological innovation service center,
university technology parks, innovation (venture) park for returned overseas
students, software parks and professional technological enterprises
incubators. |
|||||||||||||||||||
171
Total income of enterprises under incubation refers to the
sum of various incomes achieved from technology, industry and trade by the
enterprises under incubation within the statistical year. |
|||||||||||||||||||
172
Persons employed by enterprises under incubation refer to the
total number of persons employed by the enterprises under incubation at the
end date of this report. |
|||||||||||||||||||
173
Incubated Enterprises refer to the enterprises realize
independent development after developed to a certain scale so that divorce
from the incubator. (The data of incubated enterprises is only accumulated
based on the data of graduation time, without tracking). |
|||||||||||||||||||
174
Regular Institutions of Higher Learning refer to educational establishments
set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures,
enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools via national entrance
examination and providing higher diploma education. They include full time
universities, independent colleges and senior professional schools, senior
vocational universities and other institutions (such as independent
institutes, branch schools and junior colleges). |
|||||||||||||||||||
175
Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational establishments
set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures,
enrolling personnel with senior secondary school or equivalent education via
national entrance examination and providing higher diploma education by means
of correspondence, part time or full time. They include workers’ colleges,
peasants’ colleges, institutes for administration, educational colleges,
independent correspondence colleges and etc. |
|||||||||||||||||||
176
The number of Full-time Teachers
refers
to the number of personnel engaged in education as full-time teachers,
including those who are temporarily designated (within one year) to assist in
other fields. The former teachers transferred from teaching to undertake
administrative management are excluded. |
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177
Cultural Institutions refer to units which have their
own organizational system and independent accounting system and specialize in
or serve cultural development. They exclude other establishments run by these
cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups established by various
departments. |
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178
Art Troupe refers to the troupe which is engaged
in drama, opera, music, dance, acrobatics or other art performance, opens
independent accounts with banks and has self-supporting accounting system;
excluding the troupes which are engaged partly in industrial or agricultural
activities, partly in art performance and the professional troupes organized
by the people. |
|||||||||||||||||||
179
Number of Spectators at Art Performance refers to the number of
attendants at commercial shows, completely booked shows or free shows given
in minority national areas, and does not include the number of spectators at
rehearsals for examination and internal shows for study. |
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180
Hospitals
refer to medical institutions with permanent hospital beds, which are
able to take in patients and provide them with medical and nursing services.
Hospitals are classified into three categories: hospitals at or above the
county level, hospitals of rural townships, and other hospitals. According to
their ownership, hospitals can be classified into three categories: hospitals
under the public health departments, hospitals under industrial and other
departments and collective-owned hospitals. Hospitals at or above county
level are divided into comprehensive and specialized hospitals. |
|||||||||||||||||||
181
Medical Technical Personnel
refers to all medical staff and workers employed by medical
institutions, including doctors of Chinese and Western medicine, senior
doctors who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western
therapeutics in practice, senior nurses, pharmacists of Chinese and Western
medicine, laboratory specialists, other specialists, paramedics of Chinese
and Western medicine, nurses, midwives, druggists in Chinese and Western
medicine, laboratory technicians, other technicians, other practitioners of
Chinese medicine, nursing attendants, pharmacological workers of Chinese and
Western medicine, laboratory workers, and other primary medical personnel. |
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182
Doctors refer to qualified professional
medical workers approved to practice by public health departments. They are classified
into doctors of Chinese medicine, doctors of Western medicine, senior doctors
who integrate traditional Chinese therapeutics with Western therapeutics in
practice, paramedics of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and other
specialists of Chinese medicine. |
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183
Number of Athletes in Grades refers to the number of athletes who
have been given titles through examination. The titles of athletes include
international masters of sports, masters of sports, first-grade and
second-grade. |
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184
Number of Referees in Grades refers to the number of referees who
have been given titles after examination. They are classified as
international referees, national referees and referees of the first, second
and third grades. |
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185
Social Welfare Institutions
refer to institutions taking care of old people without children, |
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handicapped
people and orphans. They include social welfare institutions run by civil
affairs departments, children welfare institutions, social welfare
institutions for mental patients, and collective-owned old peoples homes in
rural areas. |
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186
Number of People Taken in by Social Welfare Institutions refers to the number of old people,
children, totally dependent handicapped people and mental patients taken in
by social welfare institutions run by civil affairs departments and those run
by collective units in urban and rural areas. |
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187
Social Welfare Enterprises
are collective owned enterprises which employ the blind, deafmute, and
other handicapped people who are able to work in cities and towns and enjoy
exemption from state taxes, including welfare plants, welfare commercial
services, artificial limb plants and farms, etc. |
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188
Lawyers are legal workers who are employed full
time by legal counseling firms to act as legal advisers, agents in criminal
or civil lawsuits, or defenders in criminal lawsuits, or to handle
non-litigious legal affairs, to advise on matters of law or to write legal
papers for others. Both full-time and part time lawyers are included. |
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189
Notary Personnel
refers to judicial workers of the state notary offices handling
notarization work according to law. They include notaries, assistant
notaries, and other people working for notary offices. |
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190
Notarized Documents
refer to the documents settled by notary offices in a year. The notary
documents are drawn up in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of
Justice, including domestic documents and foreign-related documents. Domestic
documents are divided into two major categories, documents on economic
contracts and documents on civil legal relations. |
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191
Mediators refer
to workers on peoples mediation committees responsible for mediating in civil
disputes and cases of slight infraction of the law. They include members of
the mediation committees and mediators of mediation groups. |
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192
Mediation of Civil Disputes
refers to mediation committees work in mediating in civil disputes
concerning civil rights and duties through persuasion and education in
accordance with the provisions of law on a voluntary basis, so as to solve
disputes by helping the parties involved come to an agreement and
understanding. These disputes include divorce cases and disputes over
property ownership, but exclude the civil cases to be handled by the court. |
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